You are using an unsupported browser. This web site is designed for the current versions of Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Safari.
The Office of the Federal Register publishes documents on behalf of Federal agencies but does not have any authority over their programs. We recommend you directly contact the agency associated with the content in question.
If you have comments or suggestions on how to improve the www.ecfr.gov website or have questions about using www.ecfr.gov, please choose the 'Website Feedback' button below.
If you would like to comment on the current content, please use the 'Content Feedback' button below for instructions on contacting the issuing agency
Enhanced content is provided to the user to provide additional context.
This content is from the eCFR and is authoritative but unofficial.
Navigate by entering citations or phrases (eg: 1 CFR 1.1 49 CFR 172.101 Organization and Purpose 1/1.1 Regulation Y FAR).
Choosing an item from citations and headings will bring you directly to the content. Choosing an item from full text search results will bring you to those results. Pressing enter in the search box will also bring you to search results.
Background and more details are available in the Search & Navigation guide.
| Definitions | 51.693 – 51.713 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 FR 13909, Aug. 30, 1969; 34 FR 14325, Sept. 12, 1969, unless otherwise noted. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and further redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981.
This content is from the eCFR and may include recent changes applied to the CFR. The official, published CFR, is updated annually and available below under "Published Edition". You can learn more about the process here.
Subscribe to: 7 CFR Part 51 Subpart E - Definitions
View the most recent official publication:
These links go to the official, published CFR, which is updated annually. As a result, it may not include the most recent changes applied to the CFR. Learn more.
Information and documentation can be found in our developer resources.
The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the official legal print publication containing the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) is a continuously updated online version of the CFR. It is not an official legal edition of the CFR.
Learn more about the eCFR, its status, and the editorial process.
Mature shall have the same meaning currently assigned that term in the laws and regulations of the State in which the orange is grown; or as the definition of such term may hereafter be amended.
Similar varietal characteristics means that the fruits in any container are similar in color and shape.
Well colored means that the fruit is yellow or orange in color with practically no trace of green color.
Firm as applied to common oranges, means that the fruit is not soft, or noticeably wilted or flabby; as applied to oranges of the Mandarin group (Satsuma, King, Mandarin), means that the fruit is not extremely puffy, although the skin may be slightly loose.
Well formed means that the fruit has the shape characteristic of the variety.
Smooth texture means that the skin is thin and smooth for the variety and size of the fruit.
Injury means any specific defect described in Table 1 to § 51.713; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which slightly detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.
[85 FR 68427, Oct. 29, 2020]
Discoloration means russeting of light shade of golden brown caused by rust mite or other means. Lighter shades of discoloration caused by smooth or fairly smooth, superficial scars or other means may be allowed on a greater area, or darker shades may be allowed on a lesser area, provided no discoloration caused by melanose or other means may affect the appearance of the fruit to a greater extent than the shade and amount of discoloration allowed for the grade.
Fairly smooth texture means that the skin is not materially rough or coarse and that the skin is not thick for the variety.
Damage means any specific defect described in Table 1 to § 51.713; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which materially detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.
[85 FR 68427, Oct. 29, 2020]
Fairly well colored means that except for a one inch circle in the aggregate of green color, the yellow or orange color predominates over the green color on that part of the fruit which is not discolored.
Reasonably well colored means that the yellow or orange color predominates over the green color on at least two-thirds of the fruit surface in the aggregate which is not discolored.
Fairly firm as applied to common oranges, means that the fruit may be slightly soft, but not bruised; as applied to oranges of the Mandarin group (Satsuma, King, Mandarin) means that the fruit is not extremely puffy or the skin extremely loose.
Slightly misshapen means that the fruit is not of the shape characteristic of the variety but is not appreciably elongated or pointed or otherwise deformed.
Slightly rough texture means that the skin is not smooth or fairly smooth but is not excessively rough or excessively thick, or materially ridged, grooved or wrinkled.
Serious damage means any specific defect described in Table 1 to § 51.713; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.
[85 FR 68428, Oct. 29, 2020]
Misshapen means that the fruit is decidedly elongated, pointed or flatsided.
Slightly spongy means that the fruit is puffy or slightly wilted but not flabby.
Very serious damage means any specific defect described in Table 1 to § 51.713; or an equally objectionable variation of any one of these defects, any other defect, or any combination of defects, which very seriously detracts from the appearance, or the edible or marketing quality of the fruit.
[85 FR 68428, Oct. 29, 2020]
Diameter means the greatest dimension measured at right angles to a line from stem to blossom end of the fruit.
All references to area or aggregate area, or length in this standard are based on an orange 27⁄8 inches in diameter, allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.
| Factor | Injury | Damage | Serious damage | Very serious damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammoniation | Not occurring as light speck type | Scars are cracked or dark and aggregating more than a circle 3⁄4 inch in diameter or light colored and aggregating more than a circle 1 1⁄4 inches in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. | |
| Buckskin | Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface | Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface. | |
| Caked melanose | Aggregating more than a circle 3⁄4 inch in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. | ||
| Creasing | Materially weakens the skin, or extends over more than one-third of the surface | Seriously weakens the skin, or extends over more than one-half of the surface | Very seriously weakens the skin, or is distributed over practically the entire surface. | |
| Dryness or mushy condition | Affecting all segments more than 1⁄4 inch at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit | Affecting all segments more than 1⁄2 inch at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit | Affecting all segments more than 3⁄4 inch at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit. | |
| Green spots or oil spots | More than slightly affecting appearance | Aggregating more than a circle 7⁄8 inch in diameter | Aggregating more than a circle 11⁄4 inches in diameter. | |
| Hail | Not well healed, or aggregating more than a circle 1⁄4 inch in diameter | Not well healed, or aggregating more than a circle 3⁄8 inch in diameter | Not well healed, or aggregating more than a circle 1⁄2 inch in diameter | Not well healed, or aggregating more than a circle 3⁄4 inch in diameter. |
| Scab | Materially detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 5⁄8 inch in diameter | Seriously detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 3⁄4 inch in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. | |
| Scale | More than a few adjacent to the “button” at the stem end, or more than 6 scattered on other portions of the fruit | Aggregating more than a circle 5⁄8 inch in diameter | Aggregating more than a circle 3⁄4 inch in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
| Scars | Depressed, not smooth, or detracts from appearance more than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade | Deep, rough or hard aggregating more than a circle 1⁄4 inch in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 7⁄8 inch in diameter; smooth or fairly smooth with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 1 1⁄4 inches in diameter | Deep, rough aggregating more than a circle 1⁄2 inch in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 1 1⁄4 inches in diameter | Deep, rough or unsightly that appearance is very seriously affected. |
| Skin breakdown | Aggregating more than a circle 1⁄4 inch in diameter | Aggregating more than a circle 5⁄8 inch in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. | |
| Sunburn | Skin is flattened, dry, darkened or hard, aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface | Affecting more than one-third of the surface, hard, decidedly one-sided, or light brown and aggregating more than a circle 11⁄4 inches in diameter | Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface. | |
| Sprayburn | Hard, or aggregating more than a circle 11⁄4 inches in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. | ||
| Split, rough or protruding navels | Split is unhealed; navel protrudes beyond general contour; opening is so wide, growth so folded and ridged that it detracts noticeably from appearance | Split is unhealed, or more than 1⁄4 inch in length, or more than 3 well healed splits, or navel protrudes beyond the general contour, and opening is so wide, folded or ridged that it detracts materially from appearance | Split is unhealed, or more than 1⁄2 inch in length, or aggregate length of all splits exceed 1 inch, or navel protrudes beyond general contour, and opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it seriously detracts from appearance | Split is unhealed or fruit is seriously weakened. |
| Thorn scratches | Not slight, not well healed, or more unsightly than discoloration permitted in the grade | Not well healed, or hard concentrated thorn injury aggregating more than a circle 5⁄8 inch in diameter | Not well healed, or hard concentrated thorn injury aggregating more than a circle 3⁄4 inch in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
[85 FR 68428, Oct. 29, 2020]