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Title 40

Displaying title 40, up to date as of 10/08/2026. Title 40 was last amended 10/08/2026.
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Subpart C—Lead Subcategory

§ 461.30 Applicability; description of the lead subcategory.

This subpart applies to discharges to waters of the United States and introduction of pollutants into publicly owned treatment works from the manufacturing of lead anode batteries.

§ 461.31 Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available:

(1) Subpart C—Closed Formation—Double Fill, or Fill and Dump.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.86 0.45
Lead 0.19 0.090
Iron 0.54 0.27
Oil and grease 9.00 5.40
TSS 18.45 8.78
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—Dehydrated.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 20.99 11.05
Lead 4.64 2.21
Iron 16.13 6.74
Oil and grease 221.00 132.60
TSS 453.05 215.47
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(3) Subpart C—Open Formation—Wet.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.10 0.05
Lead 0.02 0.01
Iron 0.06 0.03
Oil and grease 1.06 0.64
TSS 2.17 1.03
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(4) Subpart C—Plate Soak.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.040 0.020
Lead 0.009 0.004
Iron 0.030 0.010
Oil and grease 0.420 0.250
TSS 0.860 0.410
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(5) Subpart C—Battery Wash (with Detergent).

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 1.71 0.90
Lead 0.38 0.18
Iron 1.08 0.55
Oil and grease 18.00 10.80
TSS 36.90 17.55
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(6) Subpart C—Battery Wash (Water Only).

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 1.12 0.59
Lead 0.25 0.12
Iron 0.71 0.36
Oil and grease 11.80 7.08
TSS 24.19 11.51
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(7) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead Casting.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.00040 0.00020
Lead 0.00008 0.00004
Iron 0.00020 0.00010
Oil and grease 0.00400 0.00200
TSS 0.00800 0.00300
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(8) Subpart C—Mold Release Formulation.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.011 0.006
Lead 0.002 0.001
Iron 0.007 0.004
Oil and grease 0.120 0.072
TSS 0.246 0.117
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(9) Subpart C—Truck Wash.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead in trucked batteries
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead in trucked batteries
Copper 0.026 0.014
Lead 0.005 0.002
Iron 0.016 0.008
Oil and grease 0.280 0.168
TSS 0.574 0.273
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(10) Subpart C—Laundry.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.21 0.11
Lead 0.05 0.02
Iron 0.13 0.07
Oil and grease 2.18 1.31
TSS 4.47 2.13
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(11) Subpart C—Miscellaneous Wastewater Streams.

BPT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.81 0.43
Lead 0.18 0.09
Iron 0.51 0.26
Oil and grease 8.54 5.12
TSS 17.51 8.33
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(b) There shall be no discharge allowance for process wastewater pollutants from any battery manufacturing operation other than those battery manufacturing operations listed above.

[49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984; 49 FR 13879, Apr. 9, 1984]

§ 461.32 Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable:

(1) Subpart C—Open Formation—Dehydrated.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 3.19 1.68
Lead 0.71 0.34
Iron 2.02 1.02

(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—Wet.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.100 0.053
Lead 0.022 0.010
Iron 0.06 0.03

(3) Subpart C—Plate Soak.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.039 0.021
Lead 0.008 0.004
Iron 0.030 0.010

(4) Subpart C—Battery Wash (Detergent).

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or Pollutant Property Maximum for any 1 Day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 1.71 0.90
Lead 0.38 0.18
Iron 1.08 0.55

(5) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead Casting.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.0004 0.0002
Lead 0.00008 0.00004
Iron 0.0002 0.0001

(6) Subpart C—Mold Release Formulation.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.011 0.006
Lead 0.002 0.001
Iron 0.007 0.003

(7) Subpart C—Truck Wash.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead in trucked batteries
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead in trucked batteries
Copper 0.026 0.014
Lead 0.005 0.002
Iron 0.016 0.008

(8) Subpart C—Laundry.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.21 0.11
Lead 0.05 0.02
Iron 0.13 0.07

(9) Subpart C—Miscellaneous Wastewater Streams.

BAT Effluent Limitations

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.58 0.31
Lead 0.13 0.06
Iron 0.37 0.19

(b) There shall be no discharge allowance for process wastewater pollutants from any battery manufacturing operation other than those battery manufacturing operations listed above.

[49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984; 49 FR 13879, Apr. 9, 1984, as amended at 51 FR 30816, Aug. 28, 1986]

§ 461.33 New source performance standards (NSPS).

(a) The discharge of wastewater pollutants from any new source subject to this subpart shall not exceed the standards set forth below:

(1) Subpart C—Open Formation—Dehydrated—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 2.15 1.02
Lead 0.47 0.21
Iron 2.01 1.02
Oil and grease 16.80 16.80
TSS 25.20 20.16
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—Wet—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.067 0.032
Lead 0.014 0.006
Iron 0.063 0.032
Oil and grease 0.53 0.53
TSS 0.80 0.64
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(3) Subpart C—Plate Soak—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.026 0.012
Lead 0.005 0.002
Iron 0.025 0.012
Oil and grease 0.21 0.21
TSS 0.32 0.25
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(4) Subpart C—Battery Wash (Detergent)—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant Property Maximum for any 1 Day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 1.152 0.549
Lead 0.252 0.117
Iron 1.08 0.55
Oil and grease 9.0 9.0
TSS 13.5 10.8
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(5) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead Casting—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.000256 0.000122
Lead 0.000056 0.000026
Iron 0.000240 0.000122
Oil and grease 0.0020 0.0020
TSS 0.0030 0.0024
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(6) Subpart C—Mold Release Formulation—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.0077 0.0037
Lead 0.0017 0.0008
Iron 0.0072 0.0037
Oil and grease 0.060 0.060
TSS 0.090 0.072
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(7) Subpart C—Truck Wash—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead in trucked batteries
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead in trucked batteries
Copper 0.006 0.003
Lead 0.001 0.0007
Iron 0.006 0.003
Oil and grease 0.050 0.050
TSS 0.075 0.060
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(8) Subpart C—Laundry—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.14 0.07
Lead 0.03 0.01
Iron 0.13 0.07
Oil and grease 1.09 1.09
TSS 1.64 1.31
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(9) Subpart C—Miscellaneous Wastewater Streams—NSPS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.39 0.19
Lead 0.085 0.039
Iron 0.37 0.19
Oil and grease 3.07 3.07
TSS 4.61 3.69
pH (1) (1)
1 Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.

(b) There shall be no discharge allowance for process wastewater pollutants from any battery manufacturing operation other than those battery manufacturing operations listed above.

[49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984, as amended at 51 FR 30816, Aug. 28, 1986]

§ 461.34 Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7 and 403.13, any existing source subject to this subpart that introduces pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the pretreatment standards for existing sources listed below:

(1) Subpart C—Open Formation—Dehydrated—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 3.19 1.68
Lead 0.71 0.34

(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—Wet—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.100 0.053
Lead 0.022 0.010

(3) Subpart C—Plate Soak—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.039 0.021
Lead 0.008 0.004

(4) Subpart C—Battery Wash—(Detergent)—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant Property Maximum for any 1 Day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 1.71 0.90
Lead 0.38 0.18

(5) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead Casting—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.0004 0.0002
Lead 0.00008 0.00004

(6) Subpart C—Mold Release Formulation—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.011 0.006
Lead 0.002 0.001

(7) Subpart C—Truck Wash—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead in trucked batteries
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead in trucked batteries
Copper 0.026 0.014
Lead 0.005 0.002

(8) Subpart C—Laundry—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.21 0.11
Lead 0.05 0.02

(9) Subpart C—Miscellaneous Wastewater Streams—PSES.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.58 0.31
Lead 0.13 0.06

(b) There shall be no discharge allowance for process wastewater pollutants from any battery manufacturing operation other than those battery manufacturing operations listed above.

(c)

(1) In cases where battery employee shower wastewater containing concentrations of lead exceeding 0.20 mg/l is combined with process wastewaters prior to treatment, the Control Authority may, for purposes of applying the Combined Wastestream Formula under § 403.6(e) of this chapter, notwithstanding the provisions of § 403.6(e), exercise its discretion and classify battery employee shower wastewater as an unregulated rather than a dilute (FD) wastestream.

(2) Before the Control Authority may exercise its discretion to classify such a stream as an unregulated stream, the battery manufacturer must provide engineering, production, and sampling and analysis information sufficient to allow a determination by the Control Authority on how the stream should be classified.

[49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984, as amended at 51 FR 30816, Aug. 28, 1986]

§ 461.35 Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

(a) Except as provided in § 403.7, any new source subject to this subpart that introduces pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the following pretreatment standards for new sources:

(1) Subpart C—Open Formation—Dehydrated—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 2.15 1.02
Lead 0.47 0.21

(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—Wet—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.067 0.032
Lead 0.014 0.006

(3) Subpart C—Plate Soak—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.026 0.012
Lead 0.005 0.002

(4) Subpart C—Battery Wash—(Detergent)—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant Property Maximum for any 1 Day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 1.152 0.549
Lead 0.252 0.117

(5) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead Casting—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.000256 0.000122
Lead 0.000056 0.000026

(6) Subpart C—Mold Release Formulation—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.007 0.0037
Lead 0.0017 0.0008

(7) Subpart C—Truck Wash—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead in trucked batteries
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead in trucked batteries
Copper 0.006 0.003
Lead 0.001 0.0007

(8) Subpart C—Laundry—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.14 0.07
Lead 0.03 0.01

(9) Subpart C—Miscellaneous Wastewater Streams—PSNS.

Pollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead used
English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used
Copper 0.39 0.19
Lead 0.085 0.039

(b) There shall be no discharge allowance for process wastewater pollutants from any battery manufacturing operations other than those battery manufacturing operations listed above.

[49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984, as amended at 51 FR 30817, Aug. 28, 1986]