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| Subpart D | Identification of Mandatory Class I Federal Areas Where Visibility Is an Important Value | 81.400 – 81.437 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
36 FR 22421, Nov. 25, 1971, unless otherwise noted.
Secs. 101(b)(1), 110, 169A(a)(2), and 301(a), Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7401(b), 7410, 7491(a)(2), 7601(a)).
44 FR 69124, Nov. 30, 1979, unless otherwise noted.
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Secs. 101(b)(1), 110, 169A(a)(2), and 301(a), Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7401(b), 7410, 7491(a)(2), 7601(a)).
44 FR 69124, Nov. 30, 1979, unless otherwise noted.
Subpart D, §§ 81.401 through 81.437, lists those mandatory Federal Class I areas, established under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, where the Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, has determined visibility to be an important value. The following listing of areas where visibility is an important value represents an evaluation of all international parks (IP), national wilderness areas (Wild) exceeding 5,000 acres, national memorial parks (NMP) exceeding 5,000 acres, and national parks (NP) exceeding 6,000 acres, in existence on August 7, 1977. Consultation by EPA with the Federal Land Managers involved: The Department of Interior (USDI), National Park Service (NPS), and Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS); and the Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (FS).
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sipsey Wild | 12,646 | 93-622 | USDA-FS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bering Sea Wild | 41,113 | 91-622 | USDI-FWS |
| Mount McKinley NP | 1,949,493 | 64-353 | USDI-NPS |
| Simeonof Wild | 25,141 | 94-557 | USDI-FWS |
| Tuxedni Wild | 6,402 | 91-504 | USDI-FWS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chiricahua National Monument Wild | 9,440 | 94-567 | USDI-NPS |
| Chiricahua Wild | 18,000 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Galiuro Wild | 52,717 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Grand Canyon NP | 1,176,913 | 65-277 | USDI-NPS |
| Mazatzal Wild | 205,137 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Mount Baldy Wild | 6,975 | 91-504 | USDA-FS |
| Petrified Forest NP | 93,493 | 85-358 | USDI-NPS |
| Pine Mountain Wild | 20,061 | 92-230 | USDA-FS |
| Saguaro Wild | 71,400 | 94-567 | USDI-FS |
| Sierra Ancha Wild | 20,850 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Superstition Wild | 124,117 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Sycamore Canyon Wild | 47,757 | 92-241 | USDA-FS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caney Creek Wild | 14,344 | 93-622 | USDA-FS |
| Upper Buffalo Wild | 9,912 | 93-622 | USDA-FS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agua Tibia Wild | 15,934 | 93-632 | USDA-FS |
| Caribou Wild | 19,080 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Cucamonga Wild | 9,022 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Desolation Wild | 63,469 | 91-82 | USDA-FS |
| Dome Land Wild | 62,206 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Emigrant Wild | 104,311 | 93-632 | USDA-FS |
| Hoover Wild | 47,916 | 88-577 | USDY-FS |
| John Muir Wild | 484,673 | 8-577 | USDA-FS |
| Joshua Tree Wild | 429,690 | 94-567 | USDI-NPS |
| Kaiser Wild | 22,500 | 94-577 | USDA-FS |
| Kings Canyon NP | 459,994 | 76-424 | USDI-NPS |
| Lassen Volcanic NP | 105,800 | 64-184 | USDI-NPS |
| Lava Beds Wild | 28,640 | 92-493 | USDI-NPS |
| Marble Mountain Wild | 213,743 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Minarets Wild | 109,484 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Mokelumme Wild | 50,400 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Pinnacles Wild | 12,952 | 94-567 | USDI-NPS |
| Point Reyes Wild | 25,370 | 94-544, 94-567 |
USDI-NPS |
| Redwood NP | 27,792 | 90-545 | USDI-NPS |
| San Gabriel Wild | 36,137 | 90-318 | USDA-FS |
| San Gorgonio Wild | 34,644 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| San Jacinto Wild | 20,564 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| San Rafael Wild | 142,722 | 90-271 | USDA-FS |
| Sequoia NP | 386,642 | (1) | USDI-NPS |
| South Warner Wild | 68,507 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Thousand Lakes Wild | 15,695 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Ventana Wild | 95,152 | 91-58 | USDA-FS |
| Yolla-Bolly-Middle-Eel Wild | 109,091 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Yosemite NP | 759,172 | 58-49 | USDI-NPS |
| 1 26 Stat. 478 (51st Cong.) | |||
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Black Canyon of the Gunnison Wild | 11,180 | 94-567 | USDI-NPS |
| Eagles Nest Wild | 133,910 | 94-352 | USDA-FS |
| Flat Tops Wild | 235,230 | 94-146 | USDA-FS |
| Great Sand Dunes Wild | 33,450 | 94-567 | USDI-NPS |
| La Garita Wild | 48,486 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wild | 71,060 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Mesa Verde NP | 51,488 | 59-353 | USDI-NPS |
| Mount Zirkel Wild | 72,472 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Rawah Wild | 26,674 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Rocky Mountain NP | 263,138 | 63-238 | USDI-NPS |
| Weminuche Wild | 400,907 | 93-632 | USDA-FS |
| West Elk Wild | 61,412 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chassahowitzka Wild | 23,360 | 94-557 | USDI-FWS |
| Everglades NP | 1,397,429 | 73-267 | USDI-NPS |
| St. Marks Wild | 17,745 | 93-632 | USDI-FWS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cohotta Wild | 33,776 | 93-622 | USDA-FS |
| Okefenokee Wild | 343,850 | 93-429 | USDI-FWS |
| Wolf Island Wild | 5,126 | 93-632 | USDI-FWS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Haleakala NP | 27,208 | 87-744 | USDI-NPS |
| Hawaii Volcanoes | 217,029 | 64-171 | USDI-NPS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Craters of the Moon Wild | 43,243 | 91-504 | USDI-NPS |
| Hells Canyon Wild 1 | 83,800 | 94-199 | USDA-FS |
| Sawtooth Wild | 216,383 | 92-400 | USDA-FS |
| Selway-Bitterroot Wild 2 | 988,770 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Yellowstone NP 3 | 31,488 | (4) | USDI-NPS |
| 1 Hells Canyon Wilderness, 192,700 acres overall, of which 108,900 acres are in Oregon and 83,800 acres are in Idaho. | |||
| 2 Selway Bitterroot Wilderness, 1,240,700 acres overall, of which 988,700 acres are in Idaho and 251,930 acres are in Montana. | |||
| 3 Yellowstone National Park, 2,219,737 acres overall, of which 2,020,625 acres are in Wyoming, 167,624 acres are in Montana, and 31,488 acres are in Idaho. | |||
| 4 17 Stat. 32 (42nd Cong.). | |||
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mammoth Cave NP | 51,303 | 69-283 | USDI-NPS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breton Wild | 5,000+ | 93-632 | USDI-FWS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acadia NP | 37,503 | 65-278 | USDI-NPS |
| Moosehorn Wild | 7,501 | USDI-FWS | |
| (Edmunds Unit) | (2,782) | 91-504 | |
| (Baring Unit) | (4,719) | 93-632 |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isle Royale NP | 542,428 | 71-835 | USDI-NPS |
| Seney Wild | 25,150 | 91-504 | USDI-FWS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wild | 747,840 | 99-577 | USDA-FS |
| Voyageurs NP | 114,964 | 99-261 | USDI-NPS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hercules-Glades Wild | 12,315 | 94-557 | USDA-FS |
| Mingo Wild | 8,000 | 94-557 | USDI-FWS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anaconda-Pintlar Wild | 157,803 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Bob Marshall Wild | 950,000 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Cabinet Mountains Wild | 94,272 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Gates of the Mtn Wild | 28,562 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Glacier NP | 1,012,599 | 61-171 | USDI-NPS |
| Medicine Lake Wild | 11,366 | 94-557 | USDI-FWS |
| Mission Mountain Wild | 73,877 | 93-632 | USDA-FS |
| Red Rock Lakes Wild | 32,350 | 94-557 | USDI-FWS |
| Scapegoat Wild | 239,295 | 92-395 | USDA-FS |
| Selway-Bitterroot Wild 1 | 251,930 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| U. L. Bend Wild | 20,890 | 94-557 | USDI-FWS |
| Yellowstone NP 2 | 167,624 | (3) | USDI-NPS |
| 1 Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, 1,240,700 acres overall, of which 988,770 acres are in Idaho and 251,930 acres are in Montana. | |||
| 2 Yellowstone National Park, 2,219,737 acres overall, of which 2,020,625 acres are in Wyoming, 167,624 acres are in Montana, and 31,488 acres are in Idaho. | |||
| 3 17 Stat. 32 (42nd Cong.) | |||
[44 FR 69124, Nov. 30, 1979; 45 FR 6103, Jan. 25, 1980]
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jarbidge Wild | 64,667 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Great Gulf Wild | 5,552 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Presidential Range-Dry River Wild | 20,000 | 93-622 | USDA-FS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brigantine Wild | 6,603 | 93-632 | USDI-FWS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bandelier Wild | 23,267 | 94-567 | USDI-NPS |
| Bosque del Apache Wild | 80,850 | 93-632 | USDI-FWS |
| Carlsbad Caverns NP | 46,435 | 71-216 | USDI-NPS |
| Gila Wild | 433,690 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Pecos Wild | 167,416 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Salt Creek Wild | 8,500 | 91-504 | USDI-FWS |
| San Pedro Parks Wild | 41,132 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Wheeler Peak Wild | 6,027 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| White Mountain Wild | 31,171 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Great Smoky Mountains NP 1 | 273,551 | 69-268 | USDI-NPS |
| Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wild 2 | 10,201 | 93-622 | USDA-FS |
| Linville Gorge Wild | 7,575 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Shining Rock Wild | 13,350 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Swanguarter Wild | 9,000 | 94-557 | USDI-FWS |
| 1 Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 514,758 acres overall, of which 273,551 acres are in North Carolina, and 241,207 acres are in Tennessee. | |||
| 2 Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wilderness, 14,033 acres overall, of which 10,201 acres are in North Carolina, and 3,832 acres are in Tennessee. | |||
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lostwood Wild | 5,557 | 93-632 | USDI-FWS. |
| Theodore Roosevelt, NP | 69,675 | 80-38 | USDI-NPS. |
[54 FR 41098, Oct. 5, 1989]
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wichita Mountains Wild | 8,900 | 91-504 | USDI-FWS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crater Lake NP | 160,290 | 57-121 | USDA-NPS |
| Diamond Peak Wild | 36,637 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Eagle Cap Wild | 293,476 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Gearhart Mountain Wild | 18,709 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Hells Canyon Wild 1 | 108,900 | 94-199 | USDA-FS |
| Kalmiopsis Wild | 76,900 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Mountain Lakes Wild | 23,071 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Mount Hood Wild | 14,160 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Mount Jefferson Wild | 100,208 | 90-548 | USDA-FS |
| Mount Washington Wild | 46,116 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Strawberry Mountain Wild | 33,003 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Three Sisters Wild | 199,902 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| 1 Hells Canyon Wilderness, 192,700 acres overall, of which 108,900 acres are in Oregon, and 83,800 acres are in Idaho. | |||
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cape Romain Wild | 28,000 | 93-632 | USDI-FWS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Badlands Wild | 64,250 | 94-567 | USDI-NPS |
| Wind Cave NP | 28,060 | 57-16 | USDI-NPS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Great Smoky Mountains NP 1 | 241,207 | 69-268 | USDI-NPS |
| Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wild 2 | 3,832 | 93-622 | USDA-FS |
| 1 Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 514,758 acres overall, of which 273,551 acres are in North Carolina, and 241,207 acres are in Tennessee. | |||
| 2 Joyce Kilmer Slickrock Wilderness, 14,033 acres overall, of which 10,201 acres are in North Carolina, and 3,832 acres are in Tennessee. | |||
[44 FR 69124, Nov. 30, 1979; 45 FR 6103, Jan. 25, 1980]
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Big Bend NP | 708,118 | 74-157 | USDI-NPS |
| Guadalupe Mountains NP | 76,292 | 89-667 | USDI-NPS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arches NP | 65,098 | 92-155 | USDI-NPS |
| Bryce Canyon NP | 35,832 | 68-277 | USDI-NPS |
| Canyonlands NP | 337,570 | 88-590 | USDI-NPS |
| Capitol Reef NP | 221,896 | 92-507 | USDI-NPS |
| Zion NP | 142,462 | 68-83 | USDI-NPS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lye Brook Wild | 12,430 | 93-622 | USDA-FS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Virgin Islands NP | 12,295 | 84-925 | USDI-NPS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| James River Face Wild | 8,703 | 93-622 | USDA-FS |
| Shenandoah NP | 190,535 | 69-268 | USDI-NPS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine Lakes Wild | 303,508 | 94-357 | USDA-FS |
| Glacier Peak Wild | 464,258 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Goat Rocks Wild | 82,680 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Mount Adams Wild | 32,356 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Mount Rainer NP | 235,239 | (1) | USDI-NPS |
| North Cascades NP | 503,277 | 90-554 | USDI-NPS |
| Olympic NP | 892,578 | 75-778 | USDI-NPS |
| Pasayten Wild | 505,524 | 90-544 | USDA-FS |
| 1 30 Stat. 993 (55th Cong.). | |||
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dolly Sods Wild | 10,215 | 93-622 | USDA-FS |
| Otter Creek Wild | 20,000 | 93-622 | USDA-FS |
| Area name | Acreage | Public Law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bridger Wild | 392,160 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Fitzpatrick Wild | 191,103 | 94-567 | USDA-FS |
| Grand Teton NP | 305,504 | 81-787 | USDI-NPS |
| North Absaroka Wild | 351,104 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Teton Wild | 557,311 | 88-577 | USDA-FS |
| Washakie Wild | 686,584 | 92-476 | USDA-FS |
| Yellowstone NP 1 | 2,020,625 | (2) | USDI-NPS |
| 1 Yellowstone National Park, 2,219,737 acres overall, of which 2,020,625 acres are in Wyoming, 167,624 acres are in Montana, and 31,488 acres are in Idaho. | |||
| 2 17 Stat. 32 (42nd Cong.). | |||
| Area name | Acreage | Public law establishing | Federal land manager |
|---|---|---|---|
| Roosevelt Campobello International Park | 2,721 | 88-363 | (1) |
| 1 Chairman, RCIP Commission. | |||
| Park | Observation point | View angle | Key features | Also viewed from— |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roosevelt Campobello International Park | Roosevelt Cottage and Beach Area | 244°-56° | Estes head* Eastport* North Lubec* Cobscook Bay* Shackford Head* St. Andrews* Friar's Head* Treat's Island* Passamaquoddy Bay* Deer Island* Indian Island* Rouen Island* Cherry Island* Thrumcap Island* Owen House* Welshpool* |
*Features viewed from Friar's Head. |
| Friar's Head | 154°-94° | Roosevelt Cottage* Campobello Island* Weir* Friar's Bay* Welshpool* Wilson's Beach* North Road* Head Harbour Passage* Casco Island* Green Island* Pope Island* Thrumcap Island* Cherry Island* Rouen Island* Indian Island* Deer Island* Passamaquoddy Bay* Old Sow Whirlpool* St. Andrews* Eastport* Friar Roads* Estes Head* Perry* Shackford Head* Pembroke* Cobscook Bay* Treat's Island* Major's Island North Lubec* Passamaquoddy Dam, portion of* Roger's Island Dudley Island* Johnson's Bay* Pope's Folly* Cutler Naval Radio Station Lubec Mulholland Point Lighthouse FDR Memorial Bridge South Lubec Grand Manan Island* |
*Features viewed from Roosevelt Cottage and Beach Area. | |
| Con Robinson's Point | 308°-150° | Herring Cove Beach Provincial Park Eastern Head Herring Cove Mainland New Brunswick* Point La Preau* Wolf Islands* Atlantic Ocean* Grand Manan Island |
*Features viewed from Liberty Point.* | |
| Liberty Point | 34°-236° | Ragged Point Mainland New Brunswick* Atlantic Ocean* Wolf Islands* Grand Manan Island* Sail Rock West Quoddy Head Lighthouse South Lubec |
*Features viewed from Con Robinson's Points. |
[54 FR 21906, May 19, 1989]