The general provisions in subpart A of this part define requirements applicable to all owners and operators affected by NESHAP in part 63. See Table 1 of this subpart for general provisions that apply (or don't apply) to you as an owner or operator subject to the requirements of this subpart.
(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the U.S. EPA, or a delegated authority such as the applicable State, local, or Tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has delegated authority to a State, local, or Tribal agency, then that agency, in addition to the U.S. EPA, has the authority to implement and enforce this subpart. Contact the applicable U.S. EPA Regional Office to find out if implementation and enforcement of this subpart is delegated to a State, local, or Tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this subpart to a State, local, or Tribal agency under subpart E of this part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are retained by the Administrator of U.S. EPA and cannot be transferred to the State, local, or Tribal agency.
(c) The authorities that cannot be delegated to State, local, or Tribal agencies are as specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) Approval of alternatives to the requirements in §§ 63.1177 through 63.1180.
(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under § 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f), as defined in § 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under § 63.8(f), as defined in § 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting under § 63.10(f), as defined in § 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
[68 FR 37356, June 23, 2003]
Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Act, in § 63.2 of the general provisions in subpart A of this part, and in this section as follows:
Bag leak detection system means a monitoring device for a fabric filter that identifies an increase in particulate matter emissions resulting from a broken filter bag or other malfunction and sounds an alarm.
Bonded product means mineral wool to which a hazardous air pollutant-based binder (containing such hazardous air pollutants as phenol or formaldehyde) has been applied.
Closed-top cupola means a cupola that operates as a closed (process) system and has a restricted air flow rate.
CO means, for the purposes of this subpart, emissions of carbon monoxide that serve as a surrogate for emissions of carbonyl sulfide, a compound included on the list of hazardous air pollutants in section 112 of the Act.
Combined collection/curing operations means the combination of fiber collection operations and curing ovens used to make bonded products.
Cupola means a large, water-cooled metal vessel to which is charged a mixture of fuel, rock and/or slag, and additives. As the fuel is burned, the charged mixture is heated to a molten state for later processing to form mineral wool.
Curing oven means a chamber in which heat is used to thermoset a binder on the mineral wool fiber used to make bonded products.
Fabric filter means an air pollution control device used to capture particulate matter by filtering gas streams through fabric bags. It also is known as a baghouse.
Formaldehyde means, for the purposes of this subpart, emissions of formaldehyde that, in addition to being a HAP itself, serve as a surrogate for organic compounds included on the list of hazardous air pollutants in section 112 of the Act, including but not limited to phenol.
Hazardous air pollutant means any air pollutant listed in or pursuant to section 112(b) of the Act.
I means the owner or operator of a mineral wool production facility.
Incinerator means an enclosed air pollution control device that uses controlled flame combustion to convert combustible materials to noncombustible gases. For the purposes of this subpart, the term “incinerator” means “regenerative thermal oxidizer”.
Melt means raw materials, excluding coke, that are charged into the cupola, heated to a molten state, and discharged to the fiber forming and collection process.
Melt rate means the mass of molten material discharged from a single cupola over a specified time period.
Mineral wool means a fibrous glassy substance made from natural rock (such as basalt), blast furnace slag or other slag, or a mixture of rock and slag. It may be used as a thermal or acoustical insulation material or in the making of other products to provide structural strength, sound absorbency, fire resistance, or other required properties.
New Source means any affected source that commences construction or reconstruction after May 8, 1997 for purposes of determining the applicability of the emissions limits in Rows 1-4 of Table 2. For all other emission limits new source means any affected source that commences construction or reconstruction after November 25, 2011.
Open-top cupola means a cupola that is open to the outside air and operates with an air flow rate that is unrestricted and at low pressure.
PM means, for the purposes of this subpart, emissions of particulate matter that serve as a surrogate for metals (in particulate or volatile form) on the list of hazardous air pollutants in section 112 of the Act, including but not limited to: antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, nickel, and selenium.
Slag means the by-product materials separated from metals during smelting and refining of raw ore.
You means the owner or operator of a mineral wool production facility.
[76 FR 74708, Dec. 1, 2011, as amended at 80 FR 45331, July 29, 2015]
(a) The provisions set forth in this subpart apply at all times.
(b) You must not shut down items of equipment that are utilized for compliance with this subpart during times when emissions are being, or are otherwise required to be, routed to such items of equipment.
(c) Startup begins when fuels are ignited in the cupola. Startup ends when the cupola produces molten material.
(d) Shutdown begins when the cupola has reached the end of the melting campaign and is empty. No molten material continues to flow from the cupola during shutdown.
(e) During periods of startups and shutdowns you must operate your cupola according to one of the following methods:
(1) You must keep records showing that your emissions were controlled using air pollution control devices operated at the parameters established by the most recent performance test that showed compliance with the standard; or
(2) You must keep records showing the following:
(i) You used only clean fuels during startup and shutdown; and
(ii) You operate the cupola during startup and shutdown with three percent oxygen over the fuel demand for oxygen.
[80 FR 45331, July 29, 2015]
| General provisions citation |
Requirement | Applies to subpart DDD? | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| § 63.1(a)(1)-(6) | General Applicability | Yes | |
| § 63.1(a)(7)-(9) | No | [Reserved]. | |
| § 63.1(a)(10)-(12) | Yes | ||
| § 63.1(b)(1) | Initial Applicability Determination | Yes | |
| § 63.1(b)(2) | No | [Reserved]. | |
| § 63.1(b)(3) | Yes | ||
| § 63.1(c)(1)-(2) | Applicability After Standard Established | Yes | |
| § 63.1(c)(3)-(4) | No | [Reserved]. | |
| § 63.1(c)(5)-(e) | Yes | ||
| § 63.2 | Definitions | Yes | |
| § 63.3 | Units and Abbreviations | Yes | |
| § 63.4(a)(1)-(2) | Prohibited Activities | Yes | |
| § 63.4(a)(3)-(5) | No | [Reserved]. | |
| § 63.4(b)-(c) | Yes | ||
| § 63.5(a)(1)-(b)(2) | Construction/Reconstruction Applicability | Yes | |
| § 63.5(b)(3)-(4) | Yes | ||
| § 63.5(b)(5) | No | [Reserved]. | |
| § 63.5(b)(6) | Yes | ||
| § 63.5(c) | No | [Reserved]. | |
| § 63.5(d)-(f) | Yes | ||
| § 63.6(a)-(d) | Yes | ||
| § 63.6(e)(1)(i) | General Duty to Minimize Emissions | No | See § 63.1180(d) for general duty requirement. |
| § 63.6(e)(1)(ii) | Requirement to Correct Malfunctions As Soon As Possible | No | § 63.1187(b) specifies additional requirements. |
| § 63.6(e)(1)(iii) | Yes | ||
| § 63.6(e)(2) | No | [Reserved]. | |
| § 63.6(e)(3) | Startup, Shutdown, Malfunction (SSM) Plan | No | Startups and shutdowns addressed in § 63.1197. |
| § 63.6(f)(1) | SSM Exemption | No | |
| § 63.6(f)(2)-(g) | Yes | ||
| § 63.6(h)(1) | SSM Exemption | No | |
| § 63.6(h)(2)-(j) | Yes | ||
| § 63.7(a)-(d) | Performance Testing Requirements | Yes | |
| § 63.7(e)(1) | Conduct of Performance Tests | No | See § 63.1180. |
| § 63.7(e)(2)-(f) | Yes | ||
| § 63.7(g)(1) | Data Analysis, Recordkeeping, and Reporting | Yes | |
| § 63.7(g)(2) | No | [Reserved]. | |
| § 63.7(g)(3)-(h) | Yes | ||
| § 63.8(a)-(b) | Monitoring Requirements | Yes | |
| § 63.8(c)(1)(i) | General Duty to Minimize Emissions and CMS Operation | No | See § 63.1180(e) for general duty requirement. |
| § 63.8(c)(1)(ii) | Yes | ||
| § 63.8(c)(1)(iii) | Requirement to Develop SSM Plan for CMS | No | |
| § 63.8(c)(2)-(d)(2) | Yes | ||
| § 63.8(d)(3) | Written Procedures for CMS | Yes, except for last sentence, which refers to SSM plan. SSM plans are not required. | |
| § 63.8(e)-(g) | Yes | ||
| § 63.9(a) | Applicability and General Information | Yes | |
| § 63.9(b)(1)-(2) | Initial Notifications | Yes | |
| § 63.9(b)(3) | No | [Reserved]. | |
| § 63.9(b)(4)-(b)(5) | Yes | ||
| § 63.9(c)-(j) | Yes | ||
| § 63.9(k) | Yes | Only as specified in § 63.9(j). | |
| § 63.10(a) | Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements | Yes | |
| § 63.10(b)(1) | General Recordkeeping Requirements | Yes | |
| § 63.10(b)(2)(i) | Recordkeeping of Occurrence and Duration of Startups and Shutdowns | No | |
| § 63.10(b)(2)(ii) | Recordkeeping of Malfunctions | No | See § 63.1193(c) for recordkeeping of (ii) occurrence and duration and (iii) actions taken during malfunction. |
| § 63.10(b)(2)(iii) | Maintenance Records | Yes | |
| § 63.10(b)(2)(iv)-(v) | Actions Taken to Minimize Emissions During SSM | No | |
| § 63.10(b)(2)(vi) | Recordkeeping for CMS Malfunctions | Yes | |
| § 63.10(b)(2)(vii)-(xiv) | Other CMS Requirements | Yes | |
| § 63.10(b)(3) | Recordkeeping Requirement for Applicability Determinations | Yes | |
| § 63.10(c)(1)-(6) | Additional Recordkeeping Requirements for Sources with CMS | Yes | |
| § 63.10(c)(7)-(8) | Additional Recordkeeping Requirements for CMS—Identifying Exceedances and Excess Emissions | Yes | |
| § 63.10(c)(9) | No | [Reserved]. | |
| § 63.10(c)(10)-(11) | No | See § 63.1192 for recordkeeping of malfunctions. | |
| § 63.10(c)(12)-(14) | Yes | ||
| § 63.10(c)(15) | Use of SSM Plan | No | |
| § 63.10(d)(1)-(4) | General Reporting Requirements | Yes | |
| § 63.10(d)(5) | SSM Reports | No | See § 63.1193(f) for reporting of malfunctions. |
| § 63.10(e)-(f) | Additional CMS Reports Excess Emission/CMS Performance Reports COMS Data Reports Recordkeeping/Reporting Waiver | Yes | |
| § 63.11(a)-(b) | Control Device Requirements Applicability Flares | No | Flares will not be used to comply with the emissions limits. |
| § 63.11(c) | Alternative Work Practice for Monitoring Equipment for Leaks | Yes | |
| § 63.11(d) | Alternative Work Practice Standard | Yes | |
| § 63.11(e) | Yes | ||
| § 63.12 | State Authority and Delegations | Yes | |
| § 63.13 | Addresses | Yes | |
| § 63.14 | Incorporation by Reference | Yes | |
| § 63.15 | Information Availability/Confidentiality | Yes | |
| § 63.16 | Performance Track Provisions | Yes |
[80 FR 45331, July 29, 2015, as amended at 85 FR 73897, Nov. 19, 2020; 85 FR 84262, Dec. 28, 2020]
| If your source is a: | And you commenced construction: | Your emission limits are: 1 | And you must comply by: 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Cupola | On or before May 8, 1997 | 0.10 lb PM per ton of melt | June 2, 2002. |
| 2. Cupola | After May 8, 1997 | 0.10 lb PM per ton of melt | June 1, 1999. |
| 3. Cupola | On or before May 8, 1997 | a. 0.10 lb carbon monoxide (CO) per ton of melt,3 or b. Reduction of uncontrolled CO by at least 99 percent 3 |
June 2, 2002. |
| 4. Cupola | After May 8, 1997 but on or before November 25, 2011 | a. 0.10 lb CO per ton of melt,3 or b. Reduction of uncontrolled CO by at least 99 percent.3 |
June 1, 1999. |
| 5. Closed-top cupola | On or before November 25, 2011 | 3.4 lb of carbonyl sulfide (COS) per ton melt | July 30, 2018. |
| 6. Closed-top cupola | After November 25, 2011 | 0.062 lb of COS per ton melt | July 29, 2015.4 |
| 7. Open-top cupola | On or before November 25, 2011 | 6.8 lb of COS per ton melt | July 30, 2018. |
| 8. Open-top cupola | After November 25, 2011 | 3.2 lb of COS per ton melt | July 29, 2015.4 |
| 9. Cupola using slag as a raw material | On or before November 25, 2011 | 0.16 lb of hydrogen fluoride (HF) per ton melt 0.44 lb of hydrogen chloride (HCl) per ton melt. |
July 30, 2018. |
| 10. Cupola using slag as a raw material | After November 25, 2011 | 0.015 lb of HF per ton melt 0.012 lb of HCl per ton melt. |
July 29, 2015.4 |
| 11. Cupola not using slag as a raw material | On or before November 25, 2011 | 0.13 lb of HF per ton melt 0.43 lb of HCl per ton melt. |
July 30, 2018. |
| 12. Cupola not using slag as a raw material | After November 25, 2011 | 0.018 lb of HF per ton melt 0.015 lb of HCl per ton melt. |
July 29, 2015.4 |
| 17. Curing oven | On or before May 8, 1997 | a. 0.06 lb of formaldehyde per ton of melt,3 or b. Reduction of uncontrolled formaldehyde by at least 80 percent.3 |
June 2, 2002. |
| 18. Curing oven | After May 8, 1997 but before November 25, 2011 | a. 0.06 lb of formaldehyde per ton of melt,3 or b. Reduction of uncontrolled formaldehyde by at least 80 percent.3 |
June 1, 1999. |
| 19. Combined drum collection/curing operation | On or before November 25, 2011 | 0.17 lb of formaldehyde per ton of melt 0.28 lb of methanol per ton melt. 0.85 lb of phenol per ton melt. |
July 30, 2018. |
| 20. Combined drum collection/curing operation | After November 25, 2011 | 0.17 lb of formaldehyde per ton of melt 0.28 lb of methanol per ton melt. 0.85 lb of phenol per ton melt. |
July 29, 2015.4 |
| 21. Combined horizontal collection/curing operation | On or before November 25, 2011 | 0.63 lb of formaldehyde per ton of melt 0.049 lb of methanol per ton melt. 0.12 lb of phenol per ton melt. |
July 30, 2018. |
| 22. Combined horizontal collection/curing operation | After November 25, 2011 | 0.63 lb of formaldehyde per ton of melt 0.049 lb of methanol per ton melt. 0.12 lb of phenol per ton melt. |
July 29, 2015.4 |
| 23. Combined vertical collection/curing operation | On or before November 25, 2011 | 2.4 lb of formaldehyde per ton melt 0.92 lb of methanol per ton melt. 0.71 lb of phenol per ton melt. |
July 30, 2018. |
| 24. Combined vertical collection/curing operation | After November 25, 2011 | 2.4 lb of formaldehyde per ton melt 0.92 lb of methanol per ton melt. 0.71 lb of phenol per ton melt. |
July 29, 2015.4 |
| 1 The numeric emissions limits do not apply during startup and shutdown. | |||
| 2 Existing sources must demonstrate compliance by the compliance dates specified in this table. New sources have 180 days after the applicable compliance date to demonstrate compliance. | |||
| 3 This emissions limit does not apply after July 30, 2018. | |||
| 4 Or upon initial startup, whichever is later. | |||
[80 FR 45333, July 29, 2015]
1. Scope
The method in this appendix was specifically developed for water-soluble phenolic resins that have a relatively high free-formaldehyde (FF) content such as insulation resins. It may also be suitable for other phenolic resins, especially those with a high FF content.
2. Principle
2.1 a. The basis for this method is the titration of the hydrochloric acid that is liberated when hydroxylamine hydrochloride reacts with formaldehyde to form formaldoxine:
HCHO + NH2OH:HCl → CH2:NOH + H2O + HCl
b. Free formaldehyde in phenolic resins is present as monomeric formaldehyde, hemiformals, polyoxymethylene hemiformals, and polyoxymethylene glycols. Monomeric formaldehyde and hemiformals react rapidly with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, but the polymeric forms of formaldehyde must hydrolyze to the monomeric state before they can react. The greater the concentration of free formaldehyde in a resin, the more of that formaldehyde will be in the polymeric form. The hydrolysis of these polymers is catalyzed by hydrogen ions.
2.2 The resin sample being analyzed must contain enough free formaldehyde so that the initial reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride will produce sufficient hydrogen ions to catalyze the depolymerization of the polymeric formaldehyde within the time limits of the test method. The sample should contain approximately 0.3 grams (g) free formaldehyde to ensure complete reaction within 5 minutes.
3. Apparatus
3.1 Balance, readable to 0.01 g or better.
3.2 pH meter, standardized to pH 4.0 with pH 4.0 buffer and pH 7 with pH 7.0 buffer.
3.3 50-mL burette for 1.0 N sodium hydroxide.
3.4 Magnetic stirrer and stir bars.
3.5 250-mL beaker.
3.6 50-mL graduated cylinder.
3.7 100-mL graduated cylinder.
3.8 Timer.
4. Reagents
4.1 Standardized 1.0 N sodium hydroxide solution.
4.2 Hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution, 100 grams per liter, pH adjusted to 4.00.
4.3 Hydrochloric acid solution, 1.0 N and 0.1 N.
4.4 Sodium hydroxide solution, 0.1 N.
4.5 50/50 v/v mixture of distilled water and methyl alcohol.
5. Procedure
5.1 Determine the sample size as follows:
a. If the expected FF is greater than 2 percent, go to Part A in 5.1.c to determine sample size.
b. If the expected FF is less than 2 percent, go to Part B in 5.1.d to determine sample size.
c. Part A: Expected FF ≥2 percent.
Grams resin = 60/expected percent FF
I. The following table shows example levels:
| Expected percent free formaldehyde | Sample size, grams |
|---|---|
| 2 | 30.0 |
| 5 | 12.0 |
| 8 | 7.5 |
| 10 | 6.0 |
| 12 | 5.0 |
| 15 | 4.0 |
ii. It is very important to the accuracy of the results that the sample size be chosen correctly. If the milliliters of titrant are less than 15 mL or greater than 30 mL, reestimate the needed sample size and repeat the tests.
d. Part B: Expected FF <2 percent
Grams resin = 30/expected percent FF
I. The following table shows example levels:
| Expected percent free formaldehyde | Sample size, grams |
|---|---|
| 2 | 15 |
| 1 | 30 |
| 0.5 | 60 |
ii. If the milliliters of titrant are less than 5 mL or greater than 30 mL, reestimate the needed sample size and repeat the tests.
5.2 Weigh the resin sample to the nearest 0.01 grams into a 250-mL beaker. Record sample weight.
5.3 Add 100 mL of the methanol/water mixture and stir on a magnetic stirrer. Confirm that the resin has dissolved.
5.4 Adjust the resin/solvent solution to pH 4.0, using the prestandardized pH meter, 1.0 N hydrochloric acid, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, and 0.1 N sodium hydroxide.
5.5 Add 50 mL of the hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution, measured with a graduated cylinder. Start the timer.
5.6 Stir for 5 minutes. Titrate to pH 4.0 with standardized 1.0 N sodium hydroxide. Record the milliliters of titrant and the normality.
6. Calculations
7. Method Precision and Accuracy
Test values should conform to the following statistical precision:
Variance = 0.005
Standard deviation = 0.07
95% Confidence Interval, for a single determination = 0.2
8. Author
This method was prepared by K.K. Tutin and M.L. Foster, Tacoma R&D Laboratory, Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc. (Principle written by R. R. Conner.)
9. References
9.1 GPAM 2221.2.
9.2 PR&C TM 2.035.
9.3 Project Report, Comparison of Free Formaldehyde Procedures, January 1990, K. Tutin.