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| Markings and Placards | 27.1541 – 27.1565 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Docket No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964, unless otherwise noted.
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Subscribe to: 14 CFR Part 27 Subpart G - Markings and Placards
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(a) The rotorcraft must contain—
(1) The markings and placards specified in §§ 27.1545 through 27.1565, and
(2) Any additional information, instrument markings, and placards required for the safe operation of rotorcraft with unusual design, operating or handling characteristics.
(b) Each marking and placard prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section—
(1) Must be displayed in a conspicuous place; and
(2) May not be easily erased, disfigured, or obscured.
For each instrument—
(a) When markings are on the cover glass of the instrument, there must be means to maintain the correct alignment of the glass cover with the face of the dial; and
(b) Each arc and line must be wide enough, and located, to be clearly visible to the pilot.
(a) Each airspeed indicator must be marked as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, with the marks located at the corresponding indicated airspeeds.
(b) The following markings must be made:
(1) A red line—
(i) For rotorcraft other than helicopters, at VNE.
(ii) For helicopters, at VNE (power-on).
(iii) For helicopters, at VNE (power-off). If VNE (power-off) is less than VNE (power-on) and both are simultaneously displayed, the red line at VNE (power-off) must be clearly distinguishable from the red line at VNE (power-on).
(2) [Reserved]
(3) For the caution range, a yellow range.
(4) For the normal operating range, a green or unmarked range.
(Secs. 313(a), 601, 603, 604, and 605 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. 1354(a), 1421, 1423, 1424, and 1425); and sec. 6(c) of the Dept. of Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 1655(c)))
[Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 27-14, 43 FR 2325, Jan. 16, 1978; 43 FR 3900, Jan. 30, 1978; Amdt. 27-16, 43 FR 50599, Oct. 30, 1978; Amdt. 27-51, 88 FR 8738, Feb. 10, 2023]
(a) A placard meeting the requirements of this section must be installed on or near the magnetic direction indicator.
(b) The placard must show the calibration of the instrument in level flight with the engines operating.
(c) The placard must state whether the calibration was made with radio receivers on or off.
(d) Each calibration reading must be in terms of magnetic heading in not more than 45 degree increments.
(e) If a magnetic nonstabilized direction indicator can have a deviation of more than 10 degrees caused by the operation of electrical equipment, the placard must state which electrical loads, or combination of loads, would cause a deviation of more than 10 degrees when turned on.
(Secs. 313(a), 601, 603, 604, and 605 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. 1354(a), 1421, 1423, 1424, and 1425); and sec. 6(c) of the Dept. of Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 1655(c)))
[Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 27-13, 42 FR 36972, July 18, 1977]
For each required powerplant instrument, as appropriate to the type of instrument—
(a) Each maximum and, if applicable, minimum safe operating limit must be marked with a red line;
(b) Each normal operating range must be marked as a green or unmarked range;
(c) Each takeoff and precautionary range must be marked with a yellow range or yellow line;
(d) Each engine or rotor range that is restricted because of excessive vibration stresses must be marked with red ranges or red lines; and
(e) Each OEI limit or approved operating range must be marked to be clearly differentiated from the markings of paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section except that no marking is normally required for the 30-second OEI limit.
[Amdt. 27-11, 41 FR 55470, Dec. 20, 1976, as amended by Amdt. 27-23, 53 FR 34215, Sept. 2, 1988; Amdt. 27-29, 59 FR 47768, Sept. 16, 1994; Amdt. 27-51, 88 FR 8738, Feb. 10, 2023]
Each oil quantity indicator must be marked with enough increments to indicate readily and accurately the quantity of oil.
If the unusable fuel supply for any tank exceeds one gallon, or five percent of the tank capacity, whichever is greater, a red arc must be marked on its indicator extending from the calibrated zero reading to the lowest reading obtainable in level flight.
(a) Each cockpit control, other than primary flight controls or control whose function is obvious, must be plainly marked as to its function and method of operation.
(b) For powerplant fuel controls—
(1) Each fuel tank selector control must be marked to indicate the position corresponding to each tank and to each existing cross feed position;
(2) If safe operation requires the use of any tanks in a specific sequence, that sequence must be marked on, or adjacent to, the selector for those tanks; and
(3) Each valve control for any engine of a multiengine rotorcraft must be marked to indicate the position corresponding to each engine controlled.
(c) Usable fuel capacity must be marked as follows:
(1) For fuel systems having no selector controls, the usable fuel capacity of the system must be indicated at the fuel quantity indicator unless it is:
(i) Provided by another system or equipment readily accessible to the pilot; and
(ii) Contained in the limitations section of the rotorcraft flight manual.
(2) For fuel systems having selector controls, the usable fuel capacity available at each selector control position must be indicated near the selector control.
(d) For accessory, auxiliary, and emergency controls—
(1) Each essential visual position indicator, such as those showing rotor pitch or landing gear position, must be marked so that each crewmember can determine at any time the position of the unit to which it relates; and
(2) Each emergency control must be red and must be marked as to method of operation.
(e) For rotorcraft incorporating retractable landing gear, the maximum landing gear operating speed must be displayed in clear view of the pilot.
[Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 27-11, 41 FR 55470, Dec. 20, 1976; Amdt. 27-21, 49 FR 44435, Nov. 6, 1984; Amdt. 27-51, 88 FR 8738, Feb. 10, 2023]
(a) Baggage and cargo compartments, and ballast location. Each baggage and cargo compartment, and each ballast location must have a placard stating any limitations on contents, including weight, that are necessary under the loading requirements.
(b) Seats. If the maximum allowable weight to be carried in a seat is less than 170 pounds, a placard stating the lesser weight must be permanently attached to the seat structure.
(c) Fuel and oil filler openings. The following apply:
(1) Fuel filler openings must be marked at or near the filler cover with—
(i) The word “fuel”;
(ii) For reciprocating engine powered rotorcraft, the minimum fuel grade;
(iii) For turbine engine powered rotorcraft, the permissible fuel designations; and
(iv) For pressure fueling systems, the maximum permissible fueling supply pressure and the maximum permissible defueling pressure.
(2) Oil filler openings must be marked at or near the filler cover with the word “oil”.
(d) Emergency exit placards. Each placard and operating control for each emergency exit must be red. A placard must be near each emergency exit control and must clearly indicate the location of that exit and its method of operation.
[Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964, as amended by Amdt. 27-11, 41 FR 55471, Dec. 20, 1976]
There must be a placard in clear view of the pilot that specifies the kinds of operations (such as VFR, IFR, day, night, or icing) for which the rotorcraft is approved.
[Amdt. 27-21, 49 FR 44435, Nov. 6, 1984]
(a) Each safety equipment control to be operated by the crew in emergency, such as controls for automatic liferaft releases, must be plainly marked as to its method of operation.
(b) Each location, such as a locker or compartment, that carries any fire extinguishing, signaling, or other life saving equipment, must be so marked.
Each tail rotor must be marked so that its disc is conspicuous under normal daylight ground conditions.
[Amdt. 27-2, 33 FR 965, Jan. 26, 1968]