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Title 14 → Chapter I → Subchapter C → Part 29

TITLE 14—Aeronautics and Space

CHAPTER I—FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

SUBCHAPTER C—AIRCRAFT

PART 29—AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT

Subpart A—GENERAL

Applicability.

Special retroactive requirements.

Subpart B—FLIGHT

Proof of compliance.

Weight limits.

Center of gravity limits.

Empty weight and corresponding center of gravity.

Removable ballast.

Main rotor speed and pitch limits.

General.

Performance at minimum operating speed.

Takeoff data: general.

Takeoff: Category A.

Takeoff decision point (TDP): Category A.

Takeoff path: Category A.

Elevated heliport takeoff path: Category A.

Takeoff distance: Category A.

Rejected takeoff: Category A.

Takeoff: Category B.

Climb: General.

Climb: All engines operating.

Climb: One engine inoperative (OEI).

Helicopter angle of glide: Category B.

Landing: General.

Landing Decision Point (LDP): Category A.

Landing: Category A.

Landing distance: Category A.

Landing: Category B.

Balked landing: Category A.

Height-velocity envelope.

Flight Characteristics

General.

Controllability and maneuverability.

Flight controls.

Trim control.

Stability: general.

Static longitudinal stability.

Demonstration of static longitudinal stability.

Static directional stability.

Dynamic stability: Category A rotorcraft.

Ground and Water Handling Characteristics

General.

Taxiing condition.

Spray characteristics.

Ground resonance.

Miscellaneous Flight Requirements

Vibration.

Subpart C—STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS

Loads.

Factor of safety.

Strength and deformation.

Proof of structure.

Design limitations.

General.

Limit maneuvering load factor.

Resultant limit maneuvering loads.

Gust loads.

Yawing conditions.

Engine torque.

Control Surface and System Loads

General.

Control system.

Limit pilot forces and torques.

Dual control system.

Ground clearance: tail rotor guard.

Unsymmetrical loads.

General.

Ground loading conditions and assumptions.

Tires and shock absorbers.

Landing gear arrangement.

Level landing conditions.

Tail-down landing conditions.

One-wheel landing conditions.

Lateral drift landing conditions.

Braked roll conditions.

Ground loading conditions: landing gear with tail wheels.

Ground loading conditions: landing gear with skids.

Ski landing conditions.

Ground load: unsymmetrical loads on multiple-wheel units.

Hull type rotorcraft: Water-based and amphibian.

Float landing conditions.

Main Component Requirements

Main and tail rotor structure.

Fuselage and rotor pylon structures.

Auxiliary lifting surfaces.

Emergency Landing Conditions

General.

Emergency landing dynamic conditions.

Structural ditching provisions.

Fatigue Evaluation

Fatigue Tolerance Evaluation of Metallic Structure.

Damage Tolerance and Fatigue Evaluation of Composite Rotorcraft Structures.

Subpart D—DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

Design.

Critical parts.

Materials.

Fabrication methods.

Fasteners.

Protection of structure.

Lightning and static electricity protection.

Inspection provisions.

Material strength properties and design values.

Special factors.

Casting factors.

Bearing factors.

Fitting factors.

Flutter and divergence.

Bird strike.

Pressure venting and drainage of rotor blades.

Mass balance.

Rotor blade clearance.

Ground resonance prevention means.

Control Systems

General.

Stability augmentation, automatic, and power-operated systems.

Primary flight controls.

Interconnected controls.

Stops.

Control system locks.

Limit load static tests.

Operation tests.

Control system details.

Spring devices.

Autorotation control mechanism.

Power boost and power-operated control system.

Shock absorption tests.

Limit drop test.

Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Retracting mechanism.

Wheels.

Tires.

Brakes.

Skis.

Floats and Hulls

Main float buoyancy.

Main float design.

Hull buoyancy.

Hull and auxiliary float strength.

Personnel and Cargo Accommodations

Pilot compartment.

Pilot compartment view.

Windshields and windows.

Cockpit controls.

Motion and effect of cockpit controls.

Doors.

Seats, berths, litters, safety belts, and harnesses.

Cargo and baggage compartments.

Ditching.

Emergency evacuation.

Flight crew emergency exits.

Passenger emergency exits.

Emergency exit arrangement.

Emergency exit marking.

Emergency lighting.

Emergency exit access.

Main aisle width.

Ventilation.

Heaters.

Fire Protection

Fire extinguishers.

Compartment interiors.

Cargo and baggage compartments.

Combustion heater fire protection.

Fire protection of structure, controls, and other parts.

Flammable fluid fire protection.

External loads.

Leveling marks.

Ballast provisions.

Subpart E—POWERPLANT

Installation.

Engines.

Engine vibration.

Cooling fans.

Rotor Drive System

Design.

Rotor brake.

Rotor drive system and control mechanism tests.

Additional tests.

Shafting critical speed.

Shafting joints.

Turbine engine operating characteristics.

General.

Fuel system crash resistance.

Fuel system independence.

Fuel system lightning protection.

Fuel flow.

Flow between interconnected tanks.

Unusable fuel supply.

Fuel system hot weather operation.

Fuel tanks: general.

Fuel tank tests.

Fuel tank installation.

Fuel tank expansion space.

Fuel tank sump.

Fuel tank filler connection.

Fuel tank vents and carburetor vapor vents.

Fuel tank outlet.

Pressure refueling and fueling provisions below fuel level.

Fuel System Components

Fuel pumps.

Fuel system lines and fittings.

Fuel valves.

Fuel strainer or filter.

Fuel system drains.

Fuel jettisoning.

Engines: general.

Oil tanks.

Oil tank tests.

Oil lines and fittings.

Oil strainer or filter.

Oil system drains.

Oil radiators.

Oil valves.

Transmission and gearboxes: general.

General.

Cooling tests.

Climb cooling test procedures.

Takeoff cooling test procedures.

Hovering cooling test procedures.

Induction System

Air induction.

Induction system icing protection.

Carburetor air preheater design.

Induction systems ducts and air duct systems.

Induction system screens.

Inter-coolers and after-coolers.

Carburetor air cooling.

General.

Exhaust piping.

Exhaust heat exchangers.

Powerplant Controls and Accessories

Powerplant controls: general.

Auxiliary power unit controls.

Engine controls.

Ignition switches.

Mixture controls.

Rotor brake controls.

Carburetor air temperature controls.

Supercharger controls.

Powerplant accessories.

Engine ignition systems.

Powerplant Fire Protection

Designated fire zones: regions included.

Lines, fittings, and components.

Flammable fluids.

Drainage and ventilation of fire zones.

Shutoff means.

Firewalls.

Cowling and engine compartment covering.

Other surfaces.

Fire extinguishing systems.

Fire extinguishing agents.

Extinguishing agent containers.

Fire extinguishing system materials.

Fire detector systems.

Subpart F—EQUIPMENT

Function and installation.

Flight and navigation instruments.

Powerplant instruments.

Miscellaneous equipment.

Equipment, systems, and installations.

Electrical and electronic system lightning protection.

High-intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Protection.

Instruments: Installation

Arrangement and visibility.

Warning, caution, and advisory lights.

Airspeed indicating system.

Static pressure and pressure altimeter systems.

Magnetic direction indicator.

Automatic pilot system.

Instruments using a power supply.

Instrument systems.

Flight director systems.

Powerplant instruments.

Electrical Systems and Equipment

General.

Electrical equipment and installations.

Distribution system.

Circuit protective devices.

Electrical system fire and smoke protection.

Electrical system tests.

Instrument lights.

Landing lights.

Position light system installation.

Position light system dihedral angles.

Position light distribution and intensities.

Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights.

Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of forward and rear position lights.

Maximum intensities in overlapping beams of forward and rear position lights.

Color specifications.

Riding light.

Anticollision light system.

Safety Equipment

General.

Safety belts: passenger warning device.

Ditching equipment.

Ice protection.

Miscellaneous Equipment

Electronic equipment.

Vacuum systems.

Hydraulic systems.

Protective breathing equipment.

Cockpit voice recorders.

Flight data recorders.

Equipment containing high energy rotors.

Subpart G—OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION

General.

Operating Limitations

Airspeed limitations: general.

Never-exceed speed.

Rotor speed.

Limiting height-speed envelope.

Weight and center of gravity.

Powerplant limitations.

Auxiliary power unit limitations.

Minimum flight crew.

Kinds of operations.

Maximum operating altitude.

Instructions for Continued Airworthiness.

Markings and Placards

General.

Instrument markings: general.

Airspeed indicator.

Magnetic direction indicator.

Powerplant instruments.

Oil quantity indicator.

Fuel quantity indicator.

Control markings.

Miscellaneous markings and placards.

Limitations placard.

Safety equipment.

Tail rotor.

Rotorcraft Flight Manual

General.

Operating limitations.

Operating procedures.

Performance information.

Loading information.

Appendix A to Part 29—Instructions for Continued Airworthiness

Appendix B to Part 29—Airworthiness Criteria for Helicopter Instrument Flight

Appendix C to Part 29—Icing Certification

Appendix D to Part 29—Criteria for Demonstration of Emergency Evacuation Procedures Under §29.803

Appendix E to Part 29—HIRF Environments and Equipment HIRF Test Levels

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