PART 111 - ELECTRIC SYSTEMS - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

(a) Electric installations on vessels must ensure:

(b) Combustible material should be avoided in the construction of electrical equipment.

(a) Electric equipment must be arranged, as far as practicable, to prevent mechanical damage to the equipment from the accumulation of dust, oil vapors, steam, or dripping liquids.

(b) Apparatus that may arc must be ventilated or be in ventilated compartments in which flammable gases, acid fumes, and oil vapors cannot accumulate. Skylights and ventilators must be arranged to prevent flooding of the apparatus.

(a) Generators.

(b) Motors.

(c) Electric coupling.

(d) Electric cable.

(a) The design and arrangement of electric apparatus must afford accessibility to each part as needed to facilitate proper inspection, adjustment, maintenance, or replacement.

(b) Within an enclosure, the spacing between energized components (or between an energized component and ground) must be to the appropriate industry standard for the voltage and current utilized in the circuit. Additionally, spacing within any enclosure must be sufficient to facilitate servicing.

(a) Interior electrical equipment exposed to dripping liquids or falling solid particles must be manufactured to at least NEMA 250 or IEC 60529 (both incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) IP 22 degree of protection as appropriate for the service intended.

(b) Electrical equipment in locations requiring exceptional degrees of protection as defined in 46 CFR 110.15-1 must be enclosed to meet at least the minimum degrees of protection in ABS Steel Vessel Rules (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1), section 4-8-3, Table 2, or appropriate NEMA 250 type for the service intended. Each enclosure must be designed so that the total rated temperature of the equipment inside the enclosure is not exceeded.

(c) Central control consoles and similar control enclosures must be manufactured to at least NEMA 250 Type 2 or IEC 60529 IP 22 degree of protection regardless of location.

(d) Equipment for interior locations not requiring exceptional degrees of protection must be manufactured to at least NEMA 250 Type 1 with dripshield or IEC 60529 IP 11 as specified in IEC 60529.

(a) In this subchapter, an ambient temperature of 40 °C (104 °F) is assumed except as otherwise stated.

(b) A 50 °C (122 °F) ambient temperature is assumed for all rotating electrical machinery in boiler rooms, engine rooms, auxiliary machinery rooms, and weather decks, unless it can be shown that a 45 °C (113 °F) ambient temperature will not be exceeded in these spaces.

(c) A 45 °C (113 °F) ambient temperature is assumed for cable and all other non-rotating electrical equipment in boiler rooms, in engine rooms, in auxiliary machinery rooms, and on weather decks. For installations using UL 489 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) SA marine type circuit breakers, the ambient temperature for that component is assumed to be 40 °C (104 °F). For installations using Navy type circuit breakers, the ambient temperature for that component is assumed to be 50 °C (122 °F).

(d) Unless otherwise indicated in this subchapter, a 55 °C (131 °F) ambient temperature is assumed for all control and instrumentation equipment.

(e) If electrical equipment is utilized in a space in which the equipment's rated ambient temperature is below the assumed ambient temperature of the space, its load must be derated. The assumed ambient temperature of the space plus the equipment's actual temperature rise at its derated load must not exceed the equipment's total rated temperature (equipment's rated ambient temperature plus its rated temperature rise).

(a) All electrical equipment must be designed and installed to operate for the particular location and environment in which it is to be used. Additionally, electrical equipment necessary for the maneuvering, navigation, and safety of the vessel or its personnel must be designed and installed to operate under any combination of the following conditions:

(b) All emergency installations must be designed and installed to operate when the vessel is at 22.5 degrees list and 10 degrees trim.

(a) An electric apparatus must be designed, constructed, and installed to prevent any person from accidentally contacting energized parts.

(b) Exposed, noncurrent-carrying metal parts of fixed equipment that may become energized because of any condition must be grounded.

(c) Exposed, noncurrent-carrying metal parts of portable equipment must be grounded through a conductor in the supply cable to the grounding pole in the receptacle.

(d) If the installation of the electrical equipment does not ensure a positive ground to the metal hull or equivalent conducting body, the apparatus must be grounded to the hull with a grounding conductor.

(a) A vessel's hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems:

(a) Each propulsion, power, lighting, or distribution system having a neutral bus or conductor must have the neutral grounded.

(b) The neutral of a dual-voltage system must be solidly grounded at the generator switchboard.

(a) Be grounded at the generator switchboard, except the neutral of an emergency power generation system must be grounded with:

(b) Have the ground connection accessible for checking the insulation resistance of the generator to ground before the generator is connected to the bus.

(a) If the voltage of a distribution system is less than 1,000 volts, line to line, a tank vessel must not have a grounded distribution system.

(b) If the voltage of a distribution system on a tank vessel is 1,000 volts or greater, line to line, and the distribution system is grounded (including high-impedance grounding), any resulting current must not flow through a hazardous (classified) location.

(a) This section applies to OSVs of at least 6,000 GT ITC (500 GRT if GT ITC is not assigned), as defined in § 125.160 of this chapter, that are designed to carry flammable or combustible liquids with a closed-cup flashpoint not exceeding 60 °C (140 °F).

(b) A grounded distribution system is only allowed as provided in paragraph (c) of this section.

(c) Grounding of the neutral for alternating current power networks of 3,000 volts (line to line) or more is permitted, provided that any possible resulting current does not flow directly through any hazardous locations.

(a) Electric propulsion system;

(b) Ship's service power system;

(c) Lighting system; and

(d) Power or lighting distribution system that is isolated from the ship's service power and lighting system by transformers, motor generator sets, or other devices.

(a) Be at the vessel's ship's service generator distribution switchboard for the normal power, normal lighting, and emergency lighting systems;

(b) Be at the propulsion switchboard for propulsion systems; and

(c) Be readily accessible.

(d) Be provided (at the distribution switchboard or at another location, such as a centralized monitoring position for the circuit affected) for each feeder circuit that is isolated from the main source by a transformer or other device.

(a) A conductor for grounding a direct-current system must be the larger of:

(b) A conductor for grounding the neutral of an alternating-current system must meet Table 111.05-31(b).

(a) Each equipment-grounding conductor must be sized in accordance with Section 250.122 of NFPA NEC 2002 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(b) Each equipment-grounding conductor (other than a system-grounding conductor) of a cable must be permanently identified as a grounding conductor in accordance with the requirements of Section 250.119 of NFPA NEC 2002.

(a) A permanently grounded conductor must not have an overcurrent device unless the overcurrent device simultaneously opens each ungrounded conductor of the circuit.

(b) The neutral conductor of the emergency-main switchboard bus-tie must not have a switch or circuit breaker.

(a) Ship's service loads mean electrical equipment for all auxiliary services necessary for maintaining the vessel in a normal, operational and habitable condition. Ship's service loads include, but are not limited to, all safety, lighting, ventilation, navigational, communications, habitability, and propulsion auxiliary loads. Electrical propulsion motor, bow thruster motor, cargo transfer, drilling, cargo refrigeration for other than Class 5.2 organic peroxides and Class 4.1 self-reactive substances, and other industrial type loads are not included.

(b) Drilling loads means all loads associated exclusively with the drilling operation including power to the drill table, mud system, and positioning equipment.

(a) The aggregate capacity of the electric ship's service generating sources required in § 111.10-3 must be sufficient for the ship's service loads.

(b) With the ship's service generating source of the largest capacity stopped, the combined capacity of the remaining electric ship's service generating source or sources must be sufficient to supply those services necessary to provide normal operational conditions of propulsion and safety, and minimum comfortable conditions of habitability. Habitability services include cooking, heating, air conditioning (where installed), domestic refrigeration, mechanical ventilation, sanitation, and fresh water.

(c) The capacity of the ship's service generating sources must be sufficient for supplying the ship's service loads without the use of a generating source which is dependent upon the speed or direction of the main propelling engines or shafting.

(d) Operating generators must provide a continuous and uninterrupted source of power for the ship's service load under normal operational conditions. Any vessel speed change or throttle movement must not cause a ship's service load power interruption.

(e) Vessels with electric propulsion that have two or more constant-voltage generators which supply both ship's service and propulsion power do not need additional ship's service generators provided that with any one propulsion/ship's service generator out of service the capacity of the remaining generator(s) is sufficient for the electrical loads necessary to provide normal operational conditions of propulsion and safety, and minimum comfortable conditions of habitability.

(f) A generator driven by a main propulsion unit (such as a shaft generator) which is capable of providing electrical power continuously, regardless of the speed and direction of the propulsion shaft, may be considered one of the ship's service generating sets required by § 111.10-3. A main-engine-dependent generator which is not capable of providing continuous electrical power may be utilized as a supplemental generator provided that a required ship's service generator or generators having sufficient capacity to supply the ship's service loads can be automatically brought on line prior to the main-engine-dependent generator tripping off-line due to a change in the speed or direction of the main propulsion unit.

(a) The generating plant of each self-propelled vessel must provide the electrical services necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition.

(b) If the emergency generator is used for part or all of the electric power necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition, the emergency generator must be capable of providing power to all emergency lighting, emergency internal communications systems, and fire detection and alarm systems in addition to the power utilized for starting the main propulsion plant. Additional requirements are in § 112.05-3(c) of this chapter.

(a) Prime movers must meet section 58.01-5 and 46 CFR subpart 58.10 except that those for mobile offshore drilling units must meet Part 4, Chapter 3, sections 4/3.17 and 4/3.19 of the ABS MODU Rules (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1). Further requirements for emergency generator prime movers are in 46 CFR subpart 112.50.

(b) Each generator prime mover must have an overspeed device that is independent of the normal operating governor and adjusted so that the speed cannot exceed the maximum rated speed by more than 15 percent.

(c) Each prime mover must shut down automatically upon loss of lubricating pressure to the generator bearings if the generator is directly coupled to the engine. If the generator is operating from a power take-off, such as a shaft driven generator on a main propulsion engine, the generator must automatically declutch (disconnect) from the prime mover upon loss of lubricating pressure to generator bearings.

(a) For AC systems: sections 4-2-3/7.5.2, 4-2-4/7.5.2, 4-8-3/3.13.2, and 4-8-3/3.13.3 of the ABS Steel Vessel Rules (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1);

(b) For DC systems: section 4-8-3/3.13.3(c) of the ABS Steel Vessel Rules, and IEC 60092-202 and IEC 60092-301 (both incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1); and

(c) For mobile offshore drilling units: Part 4, Chapter 3, section 4/3.21.2, 4/3.21.3, 4/3.23.2, and 4/3.23.3 of the ABS MODU Rules (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(a) The current-carrying capacity of generator cables must not be:

(b) Generator cables must not be in the bilges.

(a) Applicability. This section applies to each generator except a propulsion generator.

(b) General. Each ship's service generator and emergency generator must be protected by an individual, tripfree, air circuit breaker whose tripping characteristics can be set or adjusted to closely match the generator capabilities and meet the coordination requirements of Subpart 111.51. Each circuit breaker must contain the trips required by this section.

(c) Type of trips. A circuit breaker for a generator must:

(d) Setting of longtime overcurrent trips. The pickup setting of the longtime overcurrent trip of a generator circuit breaker must not be larger than:

(e) Setting of instantaneous trips. The instantaneous trip of a generator circuit breaker must be set above, but as close as practicable to, the maximum asymmetrical short circuit available from any one of the generators that can be paralleled.

(f) Reverse-power and reverse-current trips. Each generator arranged for parallel operation must have reverse-power or reverse-current trips.

(g) Location. A ship's service generator overcurrent protective device must be on the ship's service generator switchboard. The generator and its switchboard must be in the same space. (For the purposes of this section, the following are not considered separate from the machinery space:

(h) Three-wire, single-phase and four-wire, three-phase generators. There must be circuit breaker poles for each generator lead, except in the neutral lead.

(i) Three-wire, direct-current generators. Each three-wire, direct current generator must meet the following requirements:

(j) Circuit breaker reclosing. Generator circuit breakers must not automatically close after tripping.

(a) A battery cell, when inclined at 40 degrees from the vertical, must not spill electrolyte.

(b) Each fully charged lead-acid battery must have a specific gravity that meets section 22 of IEEE 45-2002 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(c) Batteries must not evolve hydrogen at a rate exceeding that of a similar size lead-acid battery under similar charging condition.

(d) Batteries must be constructed to take into account the environmental conditions of a marine installation, including temperature, vibration, and shock.

(a) A battery installation is classified as one of three types, based upon power output of the battery charger, as follows:

(b) Batteries that generate less hydrogen under normal charging and discharging conditions than an equivalent category of lead-acid batteries (e.g., sealed batteries) may have their battery category reduced to an equivalent category of lead-acid batteries.

(a) Large batteries. Each large battery installation must be in a room that is only for batteries or a box on deck. Installed electrical equipment must meet the hazardous location requirements in subpart 111.105 of this part.

(b) Moderate batteries. Each moderate battery installation must be in a battery room, in a box on deck, or in a box or locker in another space such as an engineroom, storeroom, or similar space, except if a moderate battery installation is in a ventilated compartment such as the engineroom and is protected from falling objects, a box or locker is not required. A moderate battery installation must not be in a sleeping space. An engine cranking battery for one or more engines must be as close as possible to the engine or engines.

(c) Small batteries. Small size battery installations must not be located in poorly-ventilated spaces, such as closets, or in living spaces, such as staterooms.

(d) Battery trays. Each battery tray must be chocked with wood strips or their equivalent to prevent movement, and each tray must have non-absorbent insulating supports on the bottom and similar spacer blocks at the sides, or equivalent provisions for air circulation space all around each tray. Each battery tray must provide adequate accessibility for installation, maintenance, and removal of the batteries.

(e) Nameplates. Each battery must be provided with the name of its manufacturer, model number, type designation, either the cold cranking amp rating or the amp-hour rating at a specific discharge and, for a lead-acid battery, the fully charged specific gravity value. This information must be permanently fixed to the battery.

(f) Lining in battery rooms and lockers.

(g) Lining of battery boxes. Each battery box must have a watertight lining to a height of at least 76 mm (3 inches) that meets paragraphs (f)(2) and (f)(3) of this section.

(a) General. Each room, locker, and box for storage batteries must be arranged or ventilated to prevent accumulation of flammable gas.

(b) Power ventilation. If power ventilation is required, the following must be met:

(c) Large battery installations. Each battery room for large battery installations must have a power exhaust ventilation system and have openings for intake air near the floor that allow the passage of the quantity of air that must be expelled. The quantity of the air expelled must be at least:

q = 3.89(i)(n).

(d) Moderate and small battery installations. Each battery room or battery locker for moderate or small battery installations must have louvers near the bottom of the room or locker for air, and must be ventilated by:

(e) Deck boxes. Except for a deck box for a small battery installation, each deck box must have a duct from the top of the box to at least 4 ft. (1.2 m) above the box ending in a gooseneck or mushroom head that prevents entrance of water. Holes for air must be on at least two parallel sides of each box.

(f) Weathertight. Each deck box must be weathertight.

(g) Boxes for small battery installations. Each box for a small battery installation must have openings near the top to allow escape of gas. If the installation is in a non-environmentally-controlled location, the installation must prevent the ingress of water.

(a) Each conductor penetration to a battery room must be made watertight.

(b) The termination of each cable must be sealed to prevent the entrance of electrolyte by spray or creepage.

(c) Each connecting cable must have sufficient capacity to carry the maximum charging current or maximum discharge current, whichever is greater, while maintaining the proper voltage at the load end.

(a) An overload protective device must be in each battery conductor, except conductors of engine cranking batteries and batteries with a nominal potential of 6 volts or less. For large storage battery installations, the overcurrent protective devices must be next to, but outside of, the battery room.

(b) Except when a rectifier is used, the charging equipment for all batteries with a nominal voltage more than 20 percent of line voltage must protect automatically against reversal of current.

(a) The temperature rise, based on an ambient temperature of 40 degrees C, must not exceed the following:

(b) If the ambient temperature is higher than 40 degrees C, the transformer must be derated so that the total temperature stated in this section is not exceeded. The temperature must be taken by the resistance method.

(a) Each motor must have a marking or nameplate that meets either Section 430.7 of NFPA NEC 2002 or clause 16 of IEC 60092-301 (both incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(b) The marking or nameplate for each motor that is in a corrosive location must be corrosion-resistant.

(a) All low voltage and medium voltage switchboards (as low and medium are determined within the standard used) must meet -

(b) Each switchboard must be fitted with a dripshield unless the switchboard is a deck-to-overhead mounted type which cannot be subjected to leaks or falling objects.

(a) Each device must have a nameplate showing the device's function.

(b) Each nameplate for a circuit breaker must show the electrical load served and the setting of the circuit breaker.

(a) Each circuit that supplies a device on a switchboard, except a circuit under paragraph (b) of this section, must have overcurrent protection.

(b) A circuit that supplies a device on a switchboard must not have overload protection if it supplies:

(c) If short circuit protection is used in any of the circuits listed in paragraph (b) of this section, it must be set at not less than 500% of the expected current.

(d) A secondary circuit of a current transformer must not be fused, and the circuit from a current transformer to a device that is not in the switchboard must have a high voltage protector to short the transformer during an open circuit.

(a) General. Each bus must meet the requirements of either -

(b) Wiring. Instrumentation and control wiring must be -

(a) At least two sections of the main bus that are connected by:

(b) As far as practicable, the connection of generators and duplicated equipment equalized between the sections of the main bus.

(a) Except as allowed in paragraph (g) of this section, each alternating-current ship's service switchboard must have the equipment required by paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section.

(b) For each connected generator, each switchboard must have the following:

(c) For each generator that is not excited from a variable voltage or rotary amplifier that is controlled by a voltage regulator unit acting on the exciter field, each switchboard must have:

(d) If generators are arranged for parallel operation, each switchboard must have:

(e) Each switchboard must have the following:

(f) For each shore power connection each switchboard must have:

(g) The equipment under paragraphs (b), (d), (e), and (f) of this section, except the equipment under paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), and (f)(1), must be on the ship's service switchboard or on a central control console that:

(a) Each direct current ship's service switchboard must have the equipment required by paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section.

(b) For each connected generator, each switchboard must have the following:

(c) For each two-wire generator, each switchboard must have:

(d) For each three-wire generator, each switchboard must have the following:

(e) Each switchboard must have ground detection that meets Subpart 111.05 for the:

(f) For each shore power connection, each switchboard must have:

(g) One of the voltmeters under paragraph (c)(2) or (d)(3) of this section must be connected to show:

(a) Each emergency generator must have an emergency switchboard.

(b) There must be a test switch at the emergency switchboard to simulate a failure of the normal power source and cause the emergency loads to be supplied from the emergency power source.

(c) The emergency switchboard must be as near as practicable to the emergency power source but not in the same space as a battery emergency power source.

(d) Each alternating-current emergency switchboard must have the equipment required by paragraphs (c) through (e) of this section.

(e) For each connected emergency generator, each emergency switchboard must have:

(f) For each emergency generator that is not excited from a variable voltage or rotary amplifier exciter that is controlled by a voltage regulator unit acting on the exciter field, each emergency switchboard must have:

(g) Each emergency switchboard must have the following:

(h) Each direct-current emergency switchboard must have the:

(a) Each semiconductor rectifier system must have a nameplate of durable material affixed to the unit that meets the requirements of -

(b) Each semiconductor rectifier system must have a nameplate containing the words “marine semiconductor rectifier,” and the following information:

(c) If, on small rectifiers, the information required by paragraph (a) of this section cannot be shown because of space limitations, the nameplate must be at least large enough to contain the manufacturer's name and serial number. The remaining information must be shown on the schematic diagram.

(a) Sections 10.20.2, 10.20.7, and 10.20.8 of IEEE 45-2002 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1); or

(b) IEC 60092-304 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(a) Terminate in a location other than a hazardous location under Subpart 111.105 of this part; and

(b) Not impinge upon any other electric device.

(a) Each panelboard switching unit must be numbered.

(b) Each panelboard must have:

(a) Appliances, Subpart 111.77.

(b) Generators, Subpart 111.12.

(c) Motors, motor circuits, and controllers, Subpart 111.70.

(d) Transformers, Subpart 111.20.

(a) Purpose. The purpose of overcurrent protection for conductors is to open the electric circuit if the current reaches a value that will cause an excessive or dangerous temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation. A grounded conductor is protected from overcurrent if a protective device of a suitable rating or setting is in each ungrounded conductor of the same circuit.

(b) Overcurrent protection of conductors. Each conductor must be protected in accordance with its current carrying capacity, except a conductor for the following circuits which must meet the following listed subparts of this chapter:

(c) Fuses and circuitbreakers. If the allowable current-carrying capacity of the conductor does not correspond to a standard rating for fuses or circuitbreakers that meets Section 240.6 of NFPA NEC 2002 or IEC 60092-202 (both incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1), then the next larger such rating is acceptable, except that:

(d) Parallel overcurrent protective devices. An overcurrent protective device must not be connected in parallel with another overcurrent protective device.

(e) Thermal devices. No thermal cutout, thermal relay, or other device not designed to open a short circuit may be used for protection of a conductor against overcurrent due to a short circuit or ground, except in a motor circuit as described in Article 430 of NFPA NEC 2002 or in IEC 60092-202.

(f) Ungrounded conductors. A fuse or overcurrent trip unit of a circuit breaker must be in each ungrounded conductor. A branch switch or circuit breaker must open all conductors of the circuit, except grounded conductors.

(g) Grounded conductor. An overcurrent device must not be in a permanently grounded conductor, except:

(a) Location in circuit. Overcurrent devices must be at the point where the conductor to be protected receives its supply, except as follows:

(b) Location on vessel. Each overcurrent device:

(a) Each enclosure of an overcurrent protective device must meet Sections 240-30 and 240-33 of NFPA NEC 2002 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(b) No enclosure may be exposed to the weather unless accepted by the Commandant.

(a) The coordination of overcurrent protective devices must be demonstrated for all potential plant configurations.

(b) Overcurrent protective devices must be installed so that:

(a) From the aggregate contribution of all generators that can simultaneously operate in parallel;

(b) From the largest probable motor load; and

(c) With a three phase fault on the load terminals of the protective device.

(a) The maximum short-circuit current of a direct current system must be assumed to be 10 times the aggregate normal rated generator currents plus six times the aggregate normal rated currents of all motors that may be in operation.

(b) The maximum asymmetrical short-circuit current for an alternating current system must be assumed to be 10 times the aggregate normal rated generator currents plus four times the aggregate normal rated currents of all motors that may be in operation.

(c) The average asymmetrical short-circuit current for an alternating-current system must be assumed to be 81⁄2 times the aggregate normal rated generator currents plus 31⁄2 times the aggregate normal rated currents of all motors that may be in operation.

(a) Exact calculations using actual impedance and reactance values of system components.

(b) Estimated calculations using NAVSEA DDS 300-2 (incorporated by reference, see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(c) Estimated calculations using IEC 61363-1 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(d) The estimated calculations using a commercially established analysis procedure for utility or industrial applications.

(a) Each fuse must -

(b) Renewable link cartridge-type fuses must not be used.

(c) Each fuse installation must provide for ready access to test the condition of the fuse.

(a) Each Circuit breaker must -

(b) No molded-case circuitbreaker may be used in any circuit having a nominal voltage of more than 600 volts (1,000 volts for a circuit containing a circuitbreaker manufactured to the standards of the IEC). Each molded-case circuitbreaker must meet section 9 and marine supplement SA of UL 489 (incorporated by reference, see 46 CFR 110.10-1) or part 2 of IEC 60947-2 (incorporated by reference; see § 110.10-1), except as noted in paragraph (e) of this section.

(c) Each circuitbreaker, other than a molded-case one, that is for use in any of the following systems must meet the following requirements:

(d) A circuit breaker must not:

(e) Each circuit breaker located in an engineroom, boilerroom, or machinery space must be calibrated for a 50 degree C ambient temperature. If the circuit breaker is located in an environmentally controlled machinery control room where provisions are made for ensuring an ambient temperature of 40 degree C or less, a circuit breaker must have at least the standard 40 degrees C ambient temperature calibration.

(a) Each switch must meet Article 404 of NFPA NEC 2002 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(b) Each switch that is in the weather must be in a watertight enclosure and be externally operable.

(a) Each marine shipboard cable must meet all the requirements for construction and identification of either IEEE 1580, UL 1309, IEC 60092-353, or NPFC MIL-C-24640A or NPFC MIL-C-24643A (all five standards incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1), including the respective flammability tests contained therein, and must be of a copper-stranded type.

(b) Each cable constructed to IEC 60092-353 must meet the flammability requirements of Category A of IEC 60332-3-22 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(c) Medium-voltage electric cable must meet the requirements of IEEE 1580 and UL 1072 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1), where applicable, for cables rated above 5,000 volts.

(d) Electrical cable that has a polyvinyl-chloride insulation with a nylon jacket (Type T/N) must meet either UL 1309, IEEE 1580, or section 8 of IEEE 45-2002 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(e) Electrical cable regardless of construction must meet, at a minimum, all of the performance and marking requirements of section 5.13 of IEEE 1580.

(a) Be installed physically separate from all other cable; and

(b) Have fire stops installed -

(a)

(b)

(c) Cable for special applications defined in section 24 of IEEE 45-2002 must meet the provisions of that section.

(a) Each power and lighting cable conductor must be #14 AWG (2.10 mm²) or larger; and

(b) Each thermocouple, pyrometer, or instrumentation cable conductor must be #22 AWG (0.33 mm²) or larger.

(a) Each cable installation must meet -

(b) Each cable installation made in accordance with clause 8 of IEC 60092-352 must utilize the conductor ampacity values of Table I of IEC 60092-352.

(c) No cable may be located in any tank unless -

(d) Braided cable armor or cable metallic sheath must not be used as the grounding conductor.

(a) Be constructed to pass the flammability test contained in IEEE 1202, test VW-1 of UL 1581, or Category A of IEC 60332-3-22 (all three standards incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1); or

(b) Be installed in accordance with § 111.60-2.

(a) General. A branch circuit that supplies equipment vital to the propulsion, control, or safety of the vessel must not supply any other equipment.

(b) Passenger vessels.

(a) Wire must be in an enclosure.

(b) Wire must be component insulated.

(c) Wire, other than in switchboards, must meet the requirements in sections 24.6.7 and 24.8 of IEEE 45-2002, NPFC MIL-W-76D, UL 44, UL 83 (all four standards incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1), or equivalent standard.

(d) Switchboard wire must meet subpart 111.30 of this part.

(e) Wire must be of the copper stranded type.

(a) Construction and testing. Each flexible cord and cable must meet the requirements in section 24.6.1 of IEEE 45-2002, Article 400 of NFPA NEC 2002, NEMA WC-3, NEMA WC-70, or UL 62 (all five standards incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(b) Application. No flexible cord may be used except:

(c) Allowable current-carrying capacity. No flexible cord may carry more current than allowed under Table 400-5 in NFPA NEC 2002, NEMA WC-3, or NEMA WC-70.

(d) Conductor size. Each flexible cord must be No. 18 AWG (0.82 mm²) or larger.

(e) Splices. Each flexible cord and cable must be without splices or taps except for a cord or cable No. 12 AWG (3.3 mm²) or larger spliced for repairs in accordance with § 111.60-19.

(f) Pull at joints and terminals. Each flexible cord and cable must be connected to a device or fitting by a knot, tape, or special fitting so that tension is not transmitted to joints or terminal screws.

(a) In general, connections and terminations to all conductors must retain the original electrical, mechanical, flame-retarding, and, where necessary, fire-resisting properties of the cable. All connecting devices must be suitable for copper stranded conductors.

(b) If twist-on type of connectors are used, the connections must be made within an enclosure and the insulated cap of the connector must be secured to prevent loosening due to vibration.

(c) Twist-on type of connectors may not be used for making joints in cables, facilitating a conductor splice, or extending the length of a circuit.

(a) A cable must not be spliced in a hazardous location, except in intrinsically safe systems.

(b) Each cable splice must be made in accordance with section 25.11 of IEEE 45-2002 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(a) Metal-clad (Type MC) cable permitted on board a vessel must be continuous corrugated metal-clad cable.

(b) The cable must have a corrugated gas-tight, vapor-tight, and watertight sheath of aluminum or other suitable metal that is close-fitting around the conductors and fillers and that has an overall jacket of an impervious PVC or thermoset material.

(c) The cable is not allowed in areas or applications exposed to high vibration, festooning, repeated flexing, excessive movement, or twisting, such as in engine rooms, on elevators, or in the area of drill floors, draw works, shakers, and mud pits.

(d) The cable must be installed in accordance with Article 326 of NFPA NEC 2002 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1). The ampacity values found in table 25 of IEEE 45-2002 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) may not be used.

(e) The side wall pressure on the cable must not exceed 1,000 pounds per foot of radius.

(f) Equipment grounding conductors in the cable must be sized in accordance with Section 250.122 of NFPA NEC 2002. System grounding conductors must be of a cross-sectional area not less than that of the normal current carrying conductors of the cable. The metal sheath must be grounded but must not be used as a required grounding conductor.

(g) On an offshore floating drilling and production facility, the cable may be used as interconnect cable between production modules and between fixed distribution panels within the production modules, except that interconnection between production and temporary drilling packages is prohibited. Also, the cable may be used within columns, provided that the columns are not subject to the conditions described in paragraph (c) of this section.

(h) When the cable is used within a hazardous (classified) location, terminations or fittings must be listed, and must be appropriate, for the particular Type MC cable used and for the environment in which they are installed.

(a) Each motor circuit, controller, and protection must meet the requirements of ABS Steel Vessel Rules, sections 4-8-2/9.17, 4-8-3/5.7.3, 4-8-4/9.5, and 4-8-3/5; ABS MODU Rules, Part 4, Chapter 3, sections 4/7.11 and 4/7.17; or IEC 60092-301 (all three standards incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1), as appropriate, except for the following circuits:

(b) In ungrounded three-phase alternating current systems, only two motor-running protective devices (overload coil or heater type relay within the motor and controller) need be used in any two ungrounded conductors, except when a wye-delta or a delta-wye transformer is used.

(c) The motor disconnecting means must be an externally operable switch or circuit breaker.

(a) General. The enclosure for each motor controller or motor-control center must meet either NEMA ICS 2 and NEMA ICS 2.3, or Table 5 of IEC 60092-201 (all three standards incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1), as appropriate, for the location where it is installed. In addition, each such enclosure in a hazardous location must meet subpart 111.105 of this part. NEMA ICS 2.4 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) provides guidance on the differences between devices meeting NEMA and those meeting IEC for motor service.

(b) Low-voltage release. Each motor controller for a fire pump, elevator, steering gear, or auxiliary that is vital to the vessel's propulsion system, except a motor controller for a vital propulsion auxiliary which can be restarted from a central control station, must have low-voltage release if automatic restart after a voltage failure or its resumption to operation is not hazardous. If automatic restart is hazardous, the motor controller must have low-voltage protection. Motor controllers for other motors must not have low-voltage release unless the starting current and the short-time sustained current of the additional low-voltage release load is within the capacity of one ship's service generator. Automatic sequential starting of low-voltage release controllers is acceptable to meet this paragraph.

(c) Low-voltage protection. Each motor controller must have low-voltage protection, except for the following motor controllers:

(d) Identification of controllers.

(a) If an enclosure for a motor, master switch, or other equipment has an electric heater inside the enclosure that is energized from a separate circuit, the heater circuit must be disconnected from its source of potential by a disconnect device independent of the enclosure containing the heater. The heater disconnecting device must be adjacent to the equipment disconnecting device. A fixed sign, warning the operator to open both devices, must be on the enclosure of the equipment disconnect device, except as in paragraph (b) of this section.

(b) If the location of the enclosure for a motor, master switch, or other equipment for deck machinery is remote from the motor and controller disconnect device, a sign must be fixed to the enclosure if the disconnect arrangement required by paragraph (a) of this section is not used. The sign must warn the operator of the presence of two sources of potential within the enclosure and show the location of the heater circuit disconnect device.

(c) Electric heaters installed within motor controllers and energized from a separate circuit must be disconnected in the same manner as required by paragraph (a) of this section or by § 111.70-7(d).

(a) Overcurrent protection. A conductor of a control, interlock, or indicator circuit of a motor controller must be protected against overcurrent unless:

(b) Accidental ground. The controller must be designed to prevent an accidental ground in a remote control circuit from causing the stop switches to fail to operate or causing the motor to start.

(c) Source of potential. The potential for a control, interlock, or indicator circuit must be derived from the load side of the motor and controller disconnect device, except if the control functions require circuits that must be common to two or more controllers, the switching arrangement in paragraph (d) of this section must be met.

(d) Switching. In the design of a control, interlock, or indicator circuit, all practicable steps must be taken to eliminate all but one source of power in an enclosure. If the control functions make it impracticable to energize a control interlock or indicator circuit from the load side of a motor and controller disconnect device and the voltage of the control, interlock, or indicator circuit is more than 24 volts, there must be one of the following alternative methods of switching:

(a) Passenger vessels. On a passenger vessel with fire bulkheads forming main vertical and horizontal fire zones, the lighting distribution system, including low location egress lighting where installed, must be arranged so that, to the maximum extent possible, a fire in any main vertical and horizontal fire zone does not interfere with the lighting in any other fire zone. This requirement is met if main and emergency feeders passing through any zone are separated both vertically and horizontally as widely as practicable.

(b) Machinery spaces. Lighting for enginerooms, boilerrooms, and auxiliary machinery spaces must be supplied from two or more feeders. One of these feeders must be a ship's service feeder.

(a) Loads. A lighting distribution panel must not supply branch circuits rated at over 30 amperes.

(b) Connected Load. The connected loads on a lighting branch circuit must not be more than 80 percent of the rating of the overcurrent protective device, computed on the basis of the fixture ratings and in accordance with IEEE 45-2002 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1), section 5.4.2.

(c) Lighting fixtures on lighting circuits. Each lighting fixture must be on a lighting branch circuit.

(d) Overcurrent protection. Each lighting branch circuit must be protected by an overcurrent device rated at 20 amperes or less, except as allowed under paragraph (e) of this section.

(e) 25 or 30 ampere lighting branch circuits. Lighting branch circuits rated at 25 and 30 amperes supplying only fixed nonswitched lighting fixtures for cargo hold or deck lighting having only lampholders of the mogul type, or other lampholding devices required for lamps of more than 300 watts, may be supplied by a 30 ampere branch circuit wired with at least No. 10 AWG (5.3 mm²) conductors if each fixture wire used in wiring each lighting fixture is No. 12 AWG (3.3 mm²) or larger.

(a) Lights in passageways, public spaces, and berthing compartments. The supply to lights in each passageway, public space, or berthing compartment accommodating more than 25 persons must be divided between two or more branch circuits, one of which may be an emergency branch circuit.

(b) Lights in machinery spaces. Alternate groups of lights in an engineroom, boilerroom, or auxiliary machinery space must be arranged so that the failure of one branch circuit does not leave an area without light.

(c) Illumination of passenger and crew spaces.

(d) Berth lights. Each crew berth must have a fixed berth light that is not wired with a flexible cord. The berth light must have minimum horizontal projection so that the light may not be covered with bedding.

(e) Exit lights. Each exit light required on passenger vessels under § 112.15-1 of this subchapter must have the word “Exit” in red block letters at least 2 inches (50 mm) high.

(f) Pilot ladders. There must be a means for lighting each station from which a pilot may be deployed.

(a) During preparation, launching, and recovery, each survival craft and rescue boat, its launching appliance, and the area of water into which it is to be launched or recovered must be adequately illuminated by lighting supplied from the emergency power source.

(b) The arrangement of circuits must be such that the lighting for adjacent launching stations for survival craft or rescue boats is supplied by different branch circuits.

(a) Feeders. On vessels required to have a final emergency power source by § 112.05-5(a) of this chapter, each navigation light panel must be supplied by a feeder from the emergency switchboard (see § 112.43-13). The feeder must be protected by overcurrent devices rated or set at a value of at least twice that of the navigation light panel main fuses.

(b) Navigation light indicator panel. Each self-propelled vessel must have a navigation light indicator panel in the navigating bridge to control side, masthead, and stern lights. The panel must visually and audibly signal the failure of each of these navigation lights. Each light source must be connected to a separate fused branch circuit. The panel must have a fused feeder disconnect switch, and the fuses must have at least twice the rating of the largest branch circuit fuse and must be greater than the maximum panel load.

(c) Dual light sources. Each self-propelled vessel must have duplicate light sources for the side, masthead, and stern lights.

(d) Navigation lights. Each navigation light must meet the following:

(e) Installation of navigation lights. Each navigation light must:

(a) The axial luminous intensity of the beam must be at least 60,000 candelas.

(b) The luminous intensity of the beam in every direction within an angle of 0.7 degrees from the axial must be at least 50 percent of the axial luminous intensity.

(a) The construction of each lighting fixture for a non-hazardous location must meet UL 1598A or IEC 60092-306 (both incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(b) Each fixture globe, lens, or diffuser must have a high strength guard or be made of high strength material, except in an accommodation space, navigating bridge, gyro room, radio room, galley, or similar space where it is not subject to damage.

(c) No fixture may be used as a connection box for a circuit other than the branch circuit supplying the fixture.

(d) Lighting fixtures must be installed as follows:

(e) Nonemergency and decorative interior-lighting fixtures in environmentally protected, nonhazardous locations need meet only the applicable UL type-fixture standards in UL 1598 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) and UL 1598A marine supplement or the standards in IEC 60092-306 . These fixtures must have vibration clamps on fluorescent tubes longer than 102 cm (40 inches), secure mounting of glassware, and rigid mounting.

(a) There must be a sufficient number of receptacle outlets in the crew accommodations for an adequate level of habitability.

(b) There must be a sufficient number of receptacle outlets throughout the machinery space so that any location can be reached by a portable power cord having a length not greater than 24 meters (75 feet).

(c) Each receptacle outlet must be compatible with the voltage and current of the circuit in which it is installed.

(d) Each receptacle outlet must be suitable for the environment in which it is installed and constructed to the appropriate NEMA or IEC protection standard as referenced in § 111.01-9. Special attention must be given to outlets in hazardous locations.

(e) A receptacle outlet must not have any exposed live parts with the plug opening uncovered.

(a) If it is necessary to transmit current in one direction between two receptacle outlets by a flexible cable with a plug on each end, such as a battery charging lead between a receptacle outlet on a ship and a receptacle outlet in a lifeboat, the plug that may be energized when not in the receptacle outlet must be female.

(b) If a receptacle outlet may be used as a source of power and as a receiver of power, such as the receptacles on barges that may have to supply power to adjoining barges in some makeup and receive power from the towboat or adjoining barge in other makeups, the receptacles must be male and reverse service. Plugs of flexible cable must be female and must be at both ends of the flexible lead. The female plug must meet § 111.79-1(d) or § 111.79-3.

(a) Each receptacle for refrigerated containers must have a switch interlocked in such a way that the receptacle's contacts are deenergized before the making or breaking of the connection between the plug and receptacle contacts.

(b) Each group of receptacles for refrigerated containers must have:

(c) Each receptacle for refrigerated containers must be designed for circuit breaking service.

(a) The requirements of this subpart apply to each outlet box used with a lighting fixture, wiring device, or similar item, including each separately installed connection and junction box.

(b) An outlet box must be at each outlet, switch, receptacle, or junction point.

(c) Each outlet or junction box must have a cover unless a fixture canopy, switch cover, receptacle cover, or other cover is used.

(d) As appropriate, each outlet-box or junction-box installation must meet the following standards, all of which are incorporated by reference (see 46 CFR 110.10-1): Article 314 of NFPA NEC 2002; UL 50; UL 514A, UL 514B, and UL 514C; IEC 60092-101; IEC 60092-201; IEC 60092-306; IEC 60092-352; 60092-401; and IEC 60092-502.

(e) Each outlet or junction box must be securely attached to its mounting and be affixed so as to maintain its designated degree of protection.

(f) Each outlet and junction box must be suitable for the environment in which it is installed and be constructed to the appropriate NEMA or IEC standard.

(a) Each opening through which a conductor enters must be closed.

(b) Cable armor must be secured to the box or fitting.

(c) Each cable entrance in a damp or wet location must be made watertight by a terminal or stuffing tube.

(a) An operating thermostat.

(b) Heating elements that have no electrical contact with the oil.

(c) A high temperature limiting device that:

(d) Either—

(a) Each electric heater must meet applicable UL 484 or UL 1042 construction standards (both incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) or equivalent standards under § 110.20-1 of this chapter

(b) Each heater element must be an enclosed type. The heater element case or jacket must be of a corrosion-resistant material.

(c) Each heater must have a thermal cutout of the manually-reset type that prevents overheating and must have a thermal regulating switch.

(d) Each heater for bulkhead mounting must have its top slanted or otherwise designed to prevent hanging anything on the heater. If a heater is portable, it must have a clip or bracket to hold the heater in a fixed position.

(e) The external temperature of a heater enclosing case must not be over 125 degrees C, except that the external temperature of the enclosing case of a flush-mounted heater must not be over 100 degrees C. If a heater is mounted on or next to a deck or bulkhead, the heater must not cause the temperature of the nearest deck or bulkhead to be over 55 degrees C. For test purposes, an ambient temperature of 25 degrees C must be used.

(a) The electric installation of each electric power-operated boat winch must meet the requirements in this subpart, except that limit switches must be adapted to the installation if there are no gravity davits.

(b) The provisions of this subpart supplement the requirements for boat winches in other parts of this chapter under which vessels are certificated and in subchapter Q, Equipment approvals.

(a) Each electrical component (e.g., enclosure, motor controller, or motor) must be constructed to the appropriate NEMA or IEC degree of protection requirement for the service and environment in which it is installed.

(b) Each main line emergency disconnect switch, if accessible to an unauthorized person, must have a means to lock the switch in the open-circuit position with a padlock or its equivalent. The switch must not lock in the closed-circuit position.

(a) If the motor controller of a boat winch power unit is next to the winch, the main line emergency switch must disconnect all parts of the boat winch power unit, including the motor controller and limit switches, from all sources of potential. Other power circuit switches must be connected in series with the main line emergency switch and must be ahead of the motor controller. The main line emergency switch must be the motor and controller disconnect required by Subpart 111.70 and must have a horsepower rating of at least that of the winch motor.

(b) If the motor controller of a boat winch power unit is remote from the winch, there must be a switch at the controller that can disconnect the entire winch electric installation from all sources of potential. The switch must be in series with and on the supply side of the main line emergency switch.

(c) Each davit arm limit switch, whether connected in the power circuit or in the control circuit, must disconnect all ungrounded conductors of the circuit controlled.

(d) If one motor is used with two winches, there must be a main line emergency switch, a clutch interlock switch, and a master switch for each winch, except that a single main line emergency switch located as required by paragraph (e) of this section may be used for both winches. The main line emergency switches must be connected, in series, ahead of the motor controller. The master switches must be connected in parallel and each, in series, with the corresponding clutch interlock switch for that winch. Each clutch interlock switch must open the circuit to its master switch, except when the power unit is clutched to the associated winch. There must be a means to prevent the power unit from being clutched to both winches simultaneously.

(e) The main line emergency disconnect switch must be adjacent to the master switch, within reach of the winch operator, accessible to the person in charge of the boat stowage, and for gravity davit installations, in a position from which the movement of boat davit arms can be observed as they approach the final stowed position.

(a) Each electric motor-driven door operating system must have the same source of power as the emergency lighting and power system.

(b) The temporary emergency power source and the final emergency power source must each be capable of operating all doors simultaneously or sequentially as allowed by § 170.270(c) of this chapter.

(c) The power supply for each hydraulically operated watertight door system that uses a hydraulic system common to more than one watertight door must be an accumulator tank with enough capacity to open all doors once and to close all doors two times and be supplied by one or more motor-driven hydraulic pumps that can operate from the final source of the emergency lighting and power system.

(d) The motor-driven hydraulic pumps must automatically maintain the accumulator tank pressure within the design limits, be above the uppermost continuous deck, and be controlled from above the uppermost continuous deck.

(e) The accumulator tank capacity required in paragraph (c) of this section must be available when the accumulator tank pressure is at the automatic pump “cut-in” pressure.

(f) The source of power for each hydraulically operated watertight door system using an independent hydraulic system for each door operator must meet paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.

(g) The power supply for other types of watertight door operators must be accepted by the Commandant.

(a) Each distribution panelboard for a watertight door system must be above the uppermost continuous deck and must have means for locking.

(b) Each feeder supplying a watertight door operating system must be above the uppermost continuous deck.

(c) Each watertight door operating system must have a separate branch circuit.

(a) The rating or setting of each feeder overcurrent device must be not less than 200 percent of its maximum load.

(b) The rating or setting of a branch circuit overcurrent device must be not more than 25 percent of that of the feeder overcurrent device.

Central control panel means a manually-operated device on the navigating bridge or in the fire control room for releasing one or more fire doors.

Fire door means a door that is in a fire boundary, such as a stairway enclosure or main vertical zone bulkhead, that is not usually kept closed.

Fire door holding magnet means an electromagnet for holding a fire door open.

Local control panel means a manually-operated device next to a fire door for releasing the door so that the fire door self-closing mechanism may close the door.

(a) Each electric motor driving a submersible bilge pump must be in an open end air bell of rugged construction and be of a size that does not allow water to enter the motor if the compartment that the motor is in is flooded to the uppermost continuous deck.

(b) The motor, if of the open type, must be protected from splashing water from the bottom.

(c) The cable to each motor must enter through the open bottom of the air bell.

(d) Each motor must be able to operate continuously at rated load under any condition, dry or with water in the air bell at any level up to the maximum allowed under paragraph (a) of this section.

(e) Each motor controller must be above the uppermost continuous deck. There must be a master switch at the controller and a master switch at the motor. The master switch at the motor must be disconnected from the circuit when the motor is started or stopped from the master switch at the controller.

(f) Each motor must be energized from the final emergency power source.

(a) A control to stop the ventilation that is:

(b) In addition to the control required by paragraph (a), a stop control that is:

(a) Each machinery space ventilation system must have two controls to stop the ventilation, one of which may be the supply circuit breaker.

(b) The controls required in paragraph (a) of this section must be grouped so that they are operable from two positions, one of which must be outside the machinery space.

(a) Be protected by an enclosure with a glass-paneled door on the front;

(b) Be marked, “In Case of Fire Break Glass and Operate Switch to Stop Ventilation;”

(c) Have the “stop” position of the switch clearly identified;

(d) Have a nameplate that identifies the system controlled; and

(e) Be arranged so that damage to the switch or cable automatically stops the equipment controlled.

(a) Each forced draft fan, induced draft fan, blower of an inert gas system, fuel oil transfer pump, fuel oil unit, fuel oil service pump, and any other fuel oil pumps must have a stop control that is outside of the space containing the pump or fan.

(b) Each stop control must meet § 111.103-7.

(a) Listed or certified by an independent laboratory as approved for use in the hazardous locations in which it is installed; or

(b) Purged and pressurized equipment that meets NFPA 496 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) or IEC 60079-2.

(a) Each system required by this subpart to be intrinsically safe must use approved components meeting UL 913 or IEC 60079-11 (both incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(b) Each electric cable of an intrinsically safe system must -

(c) As part of plan approval, the manufacturer must provide appropriate installation instructions and restrictions on approved system components. Typical instructions and restrictions include information addressing -

(d) Each intrinsically safe system must meet ISA RP 12.6 (incorporated by reference, see 46 CFR 110.10-1), except Appendix A.1.

(a) A powder-filled apparatus must meet IEC 60079-5 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1);

(b) An oil-immersed apparatus must meet either IEC 79-6 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) or Article 500.7(I) of NFPA NEC 2002 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1);

(c) Type of protection “e” must meet IEC 60079-7 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1);

(d) Type of protection “n” must meet IEC 60079-15 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1); and

(e) Type of protection “m” must meet IEC 60079-18 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(a) Through runs of marine shipboard cable meeting subpart 111.60 of this part are required for all hazardous locations. Armored cable may be used to enhance ground detection capabilities. Additionally, Type MC cable may be used subject to the restrictions in § 111.60-23.

(b) Where conduit is installed, the applicable requirements of either NFPA NEC 2002 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) or the IEC 60079 series (as defined in § 111.105-1 and incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1) must be followed.

(c) Each cable entrance into explosionproof or flameproof equipment must be made with approved seal fittings, termination fittings, or glands that meet the requirements of § 111.105-9.

(d) Each cable entrance into Class II and Class III (Zone 10, 11, Z, or Y) equipment must be made with dust-tight cable entrance seals approved for the installation.

(a) A conductive belt; and

(b) Pulleys, shafts, and driving equipment grounded to meet NFPA 77 (incorporated by reference, see 46 CFR 110.10-1).

(a) Each vessel that carries combustible liquid cargo with a closed-cup flashpoint of 60 degrees C (140 degrees F) or higher must have:

(b) If a submerged cargo pump motor is in a cargo tank, it must meet the requirements of § 111.105-31(d).

(c) Where the cargo is heated to within 15 °C of its flashpoint, the cargo pumproom must meet the requirements of § 111.105-31(f) and the weather locations must meet § 111.105-31(l).

(a) Applicability. Each vessel that carries combustible or flammable cargo with a closed-cup flashpoint lower than 60 degrees C (140 degrees F) or liquid sulphur cargo, or inorganic acid cargo must meet the requirements of this section, except -

(b) Cable location. Electric cable must be as close as practicable to the centerline and must be away from cargo tank openings.

(c) Lighting circuits. An enclosed hazardous space that has explosionproof lighting fixtures must:

(d) Submerged cargo pump motors. If a submerged cargo pump motor is in a cargo tank:

(e) Cargo Tanks. A cargo tank is a Class I, Division 1 (IEC Zone 0) location that has additional electrical equipment restrictions outlined in section 33 of IEEE 45-1998 and IEC 60092-502 (both incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1). Cargo tanks must not contain any electrical equipment except the following:

(f) Cargo handling rooms. A cargo handling room must not have any electric cable or other electric equipment, except:

(g) Lighting of cargo handling rooms. Lighting for a cargo handling room except a cargo handling room under paragraph (h) of this section, must be lighted through fixed glass lenses in the bulkhead or overhead. Each fixed glass lens must be wire-inserted glass that is at least 0.25 inches (6.35 mm) thick and arranged to maintain the watertight and gastight integrity of the structure. The fixed glass lens may form a part of a listing fixture if the following are met:

(h) A cargo handling room which precludes the lighting arrangement of paragraph (g) of this section, or where the lighting arrangement of paragraph (g) of the section does not give the required light, must have explosionproof lighting fixtures.

(i) Enclosed spaces. An enclosed space that is immediately above, below, or next to a cargo tank must not contain any electric equipment except equipment allowed for cargo handling rooms in paragraphs (f) and (g), and:

(j) Cargo hose stowage space. A cargo hose stowage space must not have any electrical equipment except explosionproof lighting fixtures and through runs of marine shipboard cable.

(k) Cargo piping in a space. A space that has cargo piping must not have any electrical equipment except explosionproof lighting fixtures and through runs of marine shipboard cable.

(l) Weather locations. The following locations in the weather are Class I, Division 1 (Zone 1) locations (except the open deck area on an inorganic acid carrier which is considered a non-hazardous location) and may have only approved intrinsically safe, explosionproof, or purged and pressurized electrical equipment, and through runs of marine shipboard cable if the location is -

(m) Other spaces. Except for those spaces listed in paragraphs (e) through (k), a space that has a direct opening to any space listed in paragraphs (e) through (l) must have only the electric installations that are allowed for the space to which it opens.

(n) Duct keel ventilation or lighting.

(a) Each vessel that carries bulk liquefied flammable gases or ammonia as a cargo, cargo residue, or vapor must meet the requirements of this section.

(b) As used in this section:

(c) Each submerged cargo pump motor design must receive concept approval by the Commandant (CG-ENG) and its installation must receive plan approval by the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center.

(d) Electrical equipment must not be installed in a gas-dangerous space or zone, except:

(e) A submerged cargo pump motor, if installed in a cargo tank, must meet § 111.105-31(d).

(f) Electrical equipment must not be installed in a hold space that has a tank that is not required to have a secondary barrier under § 154.459 of this chapter, except:

(g) Electrical equipment must not be installed in a space that is separated by a gastight steel boundary from a hold space that has a tank that must have a secondary barrier under the requirements of § 154.459 of this chapter, except:

(h) A cargo-handling room must not have any installed electrical equipment, except explosionproof lighting fixtures.

(i) A space for cargo hose storage or a space that has cargo piping must not have any installed electrical equipment, except:

(j) A gas dangerous zone on the open deck must not have any installed electrical equipment, except:

(k) A space, except those named in paragraphs (f) through (i) of this section, that has a direct opening to gas-dangerous spaces or zones must have no electrical equipment except as allowed in the gas-dangerous space or zone.

(l) Each gas-dangerous space that has lighting fixtures must have at least two branch circuits for lighting.

(m) Each switch and each overcurrent protective device for any lighting circuit that is in a gas-dangerous space must open all conductors of the circuit simultaneously.

(n) Each switch and each overcurrent protective device for lighting in a gas-dangerous space must be in a gas-safe space.

(a) Applicability. This section applies to each mobile offshore drilling unit.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section:

(c) The internal space of each pressure vessel, tank, and pipe for drilling mud and for gas venting must have only intrinsically safe electric equipment.

(d) The following are Class I, Division 1 locations:

(e) The following are Class I, Division 2 locations:

(f) An enclosed space that has direct access to a Division 1 or Division 2 location is the same division as that location, except:

(g) Electrical equipment and devices installed in spaces made non-hazardous by the methods indicated in paragraph (f) of this section must be limited to essential equipment.

(a) The following are Class II, Division 1, (Zone 10 or Z) locations on a vessel that carries coal:

(b) Each space that has a coal conveyer on a vessel that carries coal is a Class II, Division 2, (Zone 11 or Y) space.

(c) A space that has a coal conveyer on a vessel that carries coal must have electrical equipment approved for Class II, Division 2, (Zone 11 or Y) hazardous locations, except watertight general emergency alarm signals.

(a) If the ventilation requirements of ABS Steel Vessel Rules section 5-10-4/3 are not met, all installed electrical equipment must be suitable for a Class I, Division 1; Zone 0; or Zone 1 hazardous location.

(b) If the vessel is fitted with an approved fixed gas detection system set at 25 percent the LEL, each item of the installed electrical equipment must meet the requirements for a Class I, Division 1; Class I, Division 2; Zone 0; Zone 1; or Zone 2 hazardous location.

(a) Each RO/RO vessel must meet ABS Steel Vessel Rules (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1), section 4-8-4/27.3.2.

(b) Each item of installed electrical equipment must meet the requirements for a Class I, Division 1; Class I, Division 2; Zone 0; Zone 1; or Zone 2 hazardous location when installed 460 mm (18 inches) or more above the deck of closed cargo spaces. Electrical equipment installed within 460 mm (18 inches) of the deck must be suitable for either a Class I, Division 1; Zone 0; or Zone 1 hazardous location.

(c) Where the ventilation requirement of ABS Steel Vessel Rules section 4-8-4/27.3.2 is not met -

(a) Intrinsically safe electric equipment approved for a Class I, Division 1, Group D (Zone 0 or Zone 1) location;

(b) Explosionproof electric equipment approved for a Class I, Division 1, Group D (Zone 0 or Zone 1) location; or

(c) Through runs of marine shipboard cable.

(a) The following areas are Class II, Division 1, (Zone 10 or Z) locations on vessels carrying bulk agricultural products that may produce dust explosion hazards:

(b) The following areas are Class II, Division 2, (Zone 11 or Y) locations on vessels carrying bulk agricultural products that may produce dust explosion hazards:

(a) Electrical installations in hazardous locations, where necessary for operational purposes, must be located in the least hazardous location practicable.

(b) Electrical installations in hazardous locations must comply with the standards listed in paragraphs (b)(1), (2), or (3) of this section.

(c) As an alternative to paragraph (b)(1) of this section, electrical equipment that complies with the provisions of NFPA 496 (2008) (incorporated by reference, see § 110.10-1) is acceptable for installation in Class I, Divisions 1 and 2. When equipment meeting this standard is used, it does not need to be identified and marked by an independent laboratory. The Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center (MSC) will evaluate equipment complying with this standard during plan review. It is normally considered acceptable if a manufacturer's certification of compliance is indicated on a material list or plan.

(d) Equipment listed or certified to ANSI/ISA 60079-18 or IEC 60079-18:2009, respectively, (incorporated by reference, see § 110.10-1) is not permitted in Class I Special Division 1 or Zone 0 hazardous location, unless the encapsulating compound of Ex “ma” protected equipment is not exposed to, or has been determined to be compatible with, the liquid or cargo in the storage tank.

(e) Lighting circuits serving flameproof or explosion-proof lighting fixtures in an enclosed hazardous space or room must -

(f) Submerged pump motors that do not meet the requirements of § 111.105-31(d), installed in tanks carrying flammable or combustible liquids with closed-cup flashpoints not exceeding 60 °C (140 °F), must receive concept approval by the Commandant (CG-ENG) and plan approval by the Commanding Officer, MSC.

(g) Wiring materials and cables in hazardous locations must meet the construction and testing requirements in § 111.106-5 of this subpart.

(h) Internal combustion engines installed in Divisions 1 and 2 (Zones 1 and 2) must meet the provisions of ASTM F2876-10 (incorporated by reference, see § 110.10-1).

(i) Cofferdams are required to separate enclosed spaces adjacent to integral cargo storage tanks.

(j) The cargo pumping/piping systems must be arranged independently from all other systems. Cargo transfer pumps and piping (including fill, discharge, vent, and sounding piping) must not be located in or pass through any accommodation, service, or machinery spaces.

(a) Cable and wiring in hazardous locations must meet the cable construction and testing provisions of IEEE 1580; UL 1309; MIL-DTL-24640C; MIL-DTL-24643C; or IEC 60092-350:2008 and IEC 60092-353:2011 (incorporated by reference, see § 110.10-1), including the respective flammability tests contained therein, and must be of a copper-stranded type.

(b) Type MC cables, when used, must meet the requirements in § 111.60-23 of this part.

(c) For intrinsically safe systems under the standards cited in § 111.106-3(b)(1) and (b)(2) of this subpart, the wiring methods must meet Section 504.30 of NFPA 70 (incorporated by reference, see § 110.10-1). For intrinsically safe systems under the standards cited in § 111.106-3(b)(3) of this subpart, the installation and wiring must meet Clause 7, except for Clause 7.3.1, of IEC 60092-502 (incorporated by reference, see § 110.10-1).

(a) Hazardous location classification of adjacent spaces must comply with Clause 12.5 of either API RP 500 or API RP 505 (incorporated by reference, see § 110.10-1).

(b) A differential pressure-monitoring device or a flow-monitoring device, or both, must be provided for monitoring the pressurization of spaces having an opening into a more hazardous zone. A running fan motor or a fan-rotation monitoring device indicator is insufficient to satisfy this requirement.

(c) During initial startup, or after shutdown of the pressurization or ventilation system, and regardless of the classification of the hazardous location, the space must be ventilated or purged, followed by pressurization or ventilation of the space, before any electrical apparatus within the space may be energized. The atmosphere is considered non-hazardous when the concentration of explosive gases or vapors is below 30 percent of the lower explosive limit at all points in the space, equipment enclosures and vent ducts.

(d) Only electrical equipment and devices that are necessary for the operational purposes of the space may be installed in spaces made non-hazardous by the methods allowed in this section.

(a) This section applies to locations surrounding the storage and handling locations of flammable and combustible liquid cargoes with closed-cup flashpoints not exceeding 60 °C (140 °F).

(b) The following are Class I Special Division 1 (Zone 0) locations:

(c) The following are Class I Division 1 (Zone 1) locations:

(d) The following are Class I Division 2 (Zone 2) locations:

(a) This section applies to locations surrounding the storage and handling of combustible liquid cargoes with closed-cup flashpoints exceeding 60 °C (140 °F).

(b) The interiors of independent storage tanks and integral tanks containing cargoes with closed-cup flashpoints of 60 °C (140 °F) or higher and heated to within 15 °C of their flashpoint are considered Class I Special Division 1 (Zone 0). The hazardous locations in § 111.106-9 of this subpart apply.

(a) This section is applicable to enclosed areas containing devices handling flammable or combustible liquid cargoes with closed-cup flashpoints not exceeding 60 °C (140 °F).

(b) Enclosed hazardous locations containing devices that handle cargoes must comply with Clauses 6.3.1.2 of API RP 500 and 6.6.1.2 of API RP 505 (incorporated by reference, see § 110.10-1). Ventilation must not be used to reduce the classification of such areas.

(c) Cargo pump rooms must be isolated from all sources of vapor ignition by gastight bulkheads. The gastight bulkhead between the pump room and the pump-motor compartment may be pierced by fixed lights, drive shafts, and pump-engine control rods, provided that the shafts and rods are fitted with fixed oil reservoir gland seals, or pressure grease seals where they pass through the gastight bulkheads. Other types of positive pressure seals must be specially approved by the Commandant (CG-ENG). Access to a cargo handling enclosed area or room must be from the open deck.

(d) Fixed lights in cargo pump rooms or enclosed cargo handling areas must meet the arrangement and construction requirements in § 111.105-31(g) of this part.

(e) A cargo handling area or pump room that precludes the lighting arrangement of paragraph (d) of this section, or where the lighting arrangement of paragraph (d) of this section does not give the required illumination level, must have explosion-proof, flameproof (Ex “d”) or flameproof-increased safety (Ex “de”) lighting fixtures.

(a) The ventilation design principles must comply with Clauses 8.1.3, 8.2, and 8.3 of IEC 60092-502 (incorporated by reference, see § 110.10-1).

Note to § 111.106-15(a): The word “mechanical,” as used in this section, is interchangeable with the word “artificial” used in IEC 60092-502.

(b) A ventilation system must -

(c) The mechanical ventilation of enclosed flammable or combustible liquid cargo handling or cargo pump rooms must be sufficient to effect a minimum complete 30 air changes per hour based on the volume of the pump room and associated trunks up to the deck at which access from the weather is provided. The power ventilation system must be designed to remove vapors from the bottom of the space at points where concentrations of vapors may be expected.

(d) The following spaces must have a supply-type mechanical ventilation system capable of providing at least 8 air changes per hour:

(a) Tanks or piping systems that are separated from the hull structure by thermal isolation must be electrically bonded to the hull structure by a method under paragraph (c) of this section.

(b) A pipe joint or a hose connection fitting that has a gasket must be electrically bonded by a method under paragraph (c) of this section that bonds—

(c) An electrical bond must be made by at least one of the following methods:

(a) For the purpose of this subpart, an industrial system is a system that -

(b) An industrial system that meets the applicable requirements of NFPA NEC 2002 (incorporated by reference, see 46 CFR 110.10-1) must meet only the following:

(c) Cables that penetrate a watertight or fire boundary deck or bulkhead must -

(a) This subpart applies to MODUs, floating OCS facilities, and vessels, other than offshore supply vessels regulated under subchapter L of this chapter, constructed after April 2, 2018 that engage in OCS activities.

(b) U.S. MODUs, floating OCS facilities, and vessels other than OSVs regulated under subchapter L of this chapter and U.S. tank vessels that carry flammable and combustible cargoes, may comply with this subpart in lieu of §§ 111.105-1 through 111.105-15. All other sections of subpart 111.105 of this part remain applicable.

(a) Electrical installations in hazardous locations, where necessary for operational purposes, must be located in the least hazardous location practicable.

(b) Electrical installations in hazardous locations must comply with paragraphs (b)(1), (2), or (3) of this section.

(c) System components that are listed or certified under paragraph (b)(1), (2), or (3) of this section must not be combined in a manner that would compromise system integrity or safety.

(d) As an alternative to paragraph (b)(1) of this section, electrical equipment that complies with the provisions of NFPA 496 (2013) (incorporated by reference, see § 110.10-1 of this chapter) is acceptable for installation in Class I, Divisions 1 and 2. When equipment meeting this standard is used, it does not need to be identified and marked by an independent laboratory. The Commanding Officer, MSC, will evaluate equipment complying with this standard during plan review.

Note to paragraph (d). The Commanding Officer, MSC, will generally consider it acceptable if a manufacturer's certification of compliance is indicated on a material list or plan.

(e) Equipment listed or certified to ANSI/ISA 60079-18 (2012) or IEC 60079-18:2009, respectively, (incorporated by reference, see § 110.10-1 of this chapter) is not permitted in Class I, Special Division 1, or Zone 0 hazardous locations unless the encapsulating compound of Ex “ma” protected equipment is not exposed to, or has been determined to be compatible with, the liquid or cargo in the storage tank.

(f) Submerged pump motors that do not meet the requirements of § 111.105-31(d), installed in tanks carrying flammable or combustible liquids with closed-cup flashpoints not exceeding 60 °C (140 °F), must receive concept approval by the Commandant (CG-ENG) and plan approval by the Commanding Officer, MSC.

(g) Internal combustion engines installed in Class I, Divisions 1 and 2 (Class I and IEC, Zones 1 and 2) must meet the provisions of ASTM F2876-10 (incorporated by reference, see § 110.10-1 of this chapter).