PART 148 - CARRIAGE OF BULK SOLID MATERIALS THAT REQUIRE SPECIAL HANDLING

(a) This part prescribes special handling procedures for certain solid materials that present hazards when transported in bulk by vessel.

(b) Except as noted in paragraph (c) of this section, this part applies to all domestic and foreign vessels in the navigable waters of the United States that transport bulk solid materials requiring special handling.

(c) This part does not apply to an unmanned barge on a domestic voyage carrying a Potentially Dangerous Material (PDM) found in Table 148.10 of this part. All barges on international voyages must follow the requirements for PDM.

(d) The regulations in this part have preemptive impact over State law on the same subject. The Coast Guard has determined, after considering the factors developed by the Supreme Court in U.S. v. Locke, 529 U.S. 89 (2000), that in directing the Secretary to regulate the safe transportation of hazardous material and the safety of individuals and property on board vessels subject to inspection, as well as the provision of loading information, Congress intended to preempt the field of safety standards for solid materials requiring special handling when transported in bulk on vessels.

Adjacent space means any enclosed space on a vessel, such as a cargo hold, cargo compartment, accommodation space, working space, storeroom, passageway, or tunnel, that shares a common bulkhead or deck with a hatch, door, scuttle, cable fitting or other penetration, with a cargo hold or compartment containing a material listed in Table 148.10 of this part.

Away from means a horizontal separation of at least 3 meters (10 feet) projected vertically is maintained between incompatible materials carried in the same hold or on deck.

Bulk applies to any solid material, consisting of a combination of particles, granules, or any larger pieces of material generally uniform in composition, that is loaded directly into the cargo spaces of a vessel without any intermediate form of containment.

Bulk Cargo Shipping Name or BCSN identifies a bulk solid material during transport by sea. When a cargo is listed in this Part, the BCSN of the cargo is identified by Roman type and is listed in Column 1 of Table 148.10 of this part. When the cargo is a hazardous material, as defined in 49 CFR part 173, the proper shipping name of that material is the BCSN.

Cold-molded briquettes are briquettes of direct reduced iron (DRI) that have been molded at a temperature of under 650 °C (1,202 °F) or that have a density of under 5.0 g/cm³;.

Commandant (CG-ENG-5) means the Chief, Hazardous Materials Division of the Office of Design and Engineering Systems. The mailing address is: Commandant (CG-ENG-5), Attn: Hazardous Materials Division, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7509, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20593-7509; telephone 202-372-1420 or email hazmatstandards@uscg.mil.

Compartment means any space on a vessel that is enclosed by the vessel's decks and its sides or permanent steel bulkheads.

Competent authority means a national agency responsible under its national law for the control or regulation of a particular aspect of the transportation of hazardous materials.

Confined space means a cargo hold containing a material listed in Table 148.10 of this part or an adjacent space not designed for human occupancy.

Domestic voyage means transportation between places within the United States other than through a foreign country.

Hazard class means the category of hazard assigned to a material under this part and 49 CFR parts 171 through 173.

Hazard Class Definitions

Hazardous substance is a hazardous substance as defined in 49 CFR 171.8.

Hold means a compartment below deck that is used exclusively for the stowage of cargo.

Hot-molded briquettes are briquettes of DRI that have been molded at a temperature of 650 °C (1,202 °F) or higher, and that have a density of 5.0 g/cm³ (312 lb/ft³) or greater.

IMSBC Code means the English version of the “International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code” published by the International Maritime Organization (incorporated by reference, see § 148.8).

Incompatible materials means two materials whose stowage together may result in undue hazards in the case of leakage, spillage, or other accident.

International voyage means voyages—

Lower flammability limit or LFL means the lowest concentration of a material or gas that will propagate a flame. The LFL is usually expressed as a percent by volume of a material or gas in air.

Master means the officer having command of a vessel. The functions assigned to the master in this part may also be performed by a representative of the master or by a person in charge of a barge.

Material safety data sheet or MSDS is as defined in 29 CFR 1910.1200.

Person in charge of a barge means an individual designated by the owner or operator of a barge to have charge of the barge.

Potentially Dangerous Material or PDM means a material that does not fall into a particular hazard class but can present a danger when carried in bulk aboard a vessel. The dangers often result from the material's tendency to self-heat or cause oxygen depletion. Materials that present a potential danger due solely to their tendency to shift in the cargo hold are not PDMs. For international shipments prepared in accordance with the IMSBC Code (incorporated by reference, see § 148.8), equivalent terminology to PDM is Material Hazardous only in Bulk (MHB).

Readily combustible material means a material that may not be a hazardous material but that can easily ignite and support combustion. Examples are wood, straw, vegetable fibers, and products made from these materials, and coal lubricants and oils. The term does not include packaging material or dunnage.

Reportable quantity or RQ means the quantity of a hazardous substance spilled or released that requires a report to the National Response Center. The specific RQs for each hazardous substance are available in 49 CFR 172.101, Appendix A.

Responsible person means a knowledgeable person who the master of a vessel or owner or operator of a barge makes responsible for all decisions relating to his or her specific task.

Seed cake means the residue remaining after vegetable oil has been extracted by a solvent or mechanical process from oil-bearing seeds, such as coconuts, cotton seed, peanuts, and linseed.

Shipper means any person by whom, or in whose name, or on whose behalf, a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a carrier; or any person by whom or in whose name, or on whose behalf, the goods are actually delivered to the carrier in relation to the contract of carriage by sea.

Shipping paper means a shipping order, bill of lading, manifest, or other shipping document serving a similar purpose.

Stowage factor means the volume in cubic meters of 1,000 kilograms (0.984 long tons) of a bulk solid material.

Threshold limit value or TLV means the time-weighted average concentration of a material that the average worker can be exposed to over a normal eight-hour working day, day after day, without adverse effect. This is a trademark term of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).

Transported includes the various operations associated with cargo transportation, such as loading, off-loading, handling, stowing, carrying, and conveying.

Trimming means any leveling of a cargo within a cargo hold or compartment, either partial or total.

Tripartite agreement means an agreement between the national administrations of the port of loading, the port of discharge, and the flag state of the vessel, on the conditions of carriage of a cargo.

Ventilation means exchange of air from outside to inside a cargo space and includes the following types:

Vessel means a cargo ship or barge.

(a) The Commandant (CG-ENG-5) may authorize the use of an alternative procedure, including exemptions to the IMSBC Code (incorporated by reference, see § 148.8), in place of any requirement of this part if it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Coast Guard that the requirement is impracticable or unnecessary and that an equivalent level of safety can be maintained.

(b) Each request for authorization of an alternative procedure must—

(a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section, the Coast Guard must publish notice of change in the Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All approved material is available for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030 or go to http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. Also, it is available for inspection at the Coast Guard Headquarters. Contact Commandant (CG-ENG-5), Attn: Hazardous Materials Division, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7509, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20593-7509. The material is also available from the sources listed in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.

(b) International Maritime Organization (IMO), 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom, + 44 (0)20 7735 7611, http://www.imo.org.

(c) United Nations Publications, 2 United Nations Plaza, Room DC2-853, Dept. C089, New York, NY 10017, (800) 253-9646, http://unp.un.org.

(a) A material listed in Table 148.10 of this section may be transported as a bulk solid cargo on a vessel if it is carried according to this part. A material that is not listed in Table 148.10 of this section, but which is hazardous or a Potentially Dangerous Material (PDM), requires a Special Permit under § 148.15 of this part to be transported on the navigable waters of the United States.

(b) For each listed material, Table 148.10 identifies the hazard class and gives the BCSN or directs the user to the preferred BCSN. In addition, the table lists specific hazardous or potentially dangerous characteristics associated with each material and specifies or references detailed special requirements in this part pertaining to the stowage or transport of specific bulk solid materials. The column descriptions for Table 148.10 are defined as follows:

(c) The following requirements apply to combinations of bulk solids carried at the same time and in the same compartment or hold:

(d) An owner, agent, master, operator, or person in charge of a vessel or barge carrying materials listed in Table 148.10 of this section must follow the requirements contained in 46 CFR part 4 for providing notice and reporting of marine casualties and retaining voyage records.

(a) General. When Column 5 refers to a code for a hazardous material or PDM, the meaning of that code is set forth in this section.

(b) Table of Hazardous or Potentially Dangerous Characteristics.

(a) The National Cargo Bureau is authorized to assist the Coast Guard in administering the provisions of this part by—

(b) Certificates of loading from the National Cargo Bureau are accepted as evidence of compliance with bulk solid transport regulations.

(a) Each shipper who wishes to ship a bulk solid material not listed in Table 148.10 of this part must determine whether the material meets the definition of any hazard class, or the definition of a PDM, as those terms are defined in § 148.3 of this part.

(b) If the material meets any of the definitions described in paragraph (a) of this section, the shipper then must submit a petition in writing to the Commandant (CG-ENG-5) for authorization to ship any hazardous material or PDM not listed in Table 148.10 of this part.

(c) If the Commandant (CG-ENG-5) approves a petition for authorization, the Commandant (CG-ENG-5) issues the petitioner a Coast Guard special permit. The permit allows the material to be transported in bulk by vessel and outlines requirements for this transport.

(d) A tripartite agreement developed in conjunction with the United States and in accordance with the IMSBC Code (incorporated by reference, see § 148.8) may be used in lieu of a special permit.

(a) A petition for a special permit must be submitted at least 45 days before the requested effective date. Requests for extension or renewal of an existing special permit must be submitted 20 days before the date of expiration.

(b) Requests for extension or renewal must include the information required under § 148.21(a), (f), and (g) of this part.

(a) A description of the material, including, if a hazardous material—

(b) A material safety data sheet (MSDS) for the material or—

(c) Other potentially dangerous characteristics of the material not covered by paragraph (b) of this section, including—

(d) A detailed description of the proposed transportation operation, including—

(e) Test results (if required under Subpart E of this part).

(f) Previous approvals or permits.

(g) Any relevant shipping or accident experience (or any other relevant transportation history by any mode of transport).

(a) Each special permit covers any shipment of the permitted material by the shipper and also covers for each shipment—

(b) Each special permit is valid for a period determined by the Commandant (CG-ENG-5) and specified in the special permit. The period will not exceed 4 years and is subject to suspension or revocation before its expiration date.

(a) Each special permit holder must comply with all the requirements of this part unless specifically exempted by the terms of the special permit.

(b) Each special permit holder must provide a copy of the special permit and the information required in § 148.60 of this part to the master or person in charge of each vessel carrying the material.

(c) The master of a vessel transporting a special permit material must ensure that a copy of the special permit is on board the vessel. The special permit must be kept with the dangerous cargo manifest if such a manifest is required by § 148.70 of this part.

(d) The person in charge of a barge transporting any special permit material must ensure that a copy of the special permit is on board the tug or towing vessel. When the barge is moored, the special permit must be kept on the barge with the shipping papers as prescribed in § 148.62 of this part.

(a) A material listed in Table 148.10 of this part; and

(b) Any solid material shipped under the terms of a Coast Guard special permit.

(a) The temperature of the material must be measured 20 to 36 centimeters (8 to 14 inches) below the surface at 3 meter (10 foot) intervals over the length and width of the stockpile or cargo hold.

(b) The temperature must be measured at every spot in the stockpile or cargo hold that shows evidence of heating.

(c) Before loading or transporting the material, all temperatures measured must be below the temperature limit set in Subpart D of this part.

(a) Importer's responsibility. Each person importing any bulk solid material requiring special handling into the United States must provide the shipper and the forwarding agent at the place of entry into the United States with timely and complete information as to the requirements of this part that will apply to the shipment of the material within the United States.

(b) IMSBC Code. Notwithstanding the provisions of this part, a bulk solid material that is classed, described, stowed, and segregated in accordance with the IMSBC Code (incorporated by reference, see § 148.8), and otherwise conforms to the requirements of this section, may be offered and accepted for transportation and transported within the United States. The following conditions and limitations apply:

(a) The appropriate BCSN. Secondary names may be used in addition to the BCSN;

(b) The identification number, if applicable;

(c) The hazard class of the material as listed in Table 148.10 of this part or on the Special Permit for the material;

(d) The total quantity of the material to be transported;

(e) The stowage factor;

(f) The need for trimming and the trimming procedures, as necessary;

(g) The likelihood of shifting, including angle of repose, if applicable;

(h) A certificate on the moisture content of the cargo and its transportable moisture limit for cargoes that are subject to liquefaction;

(i) Likelihood of formation of a wet base;

(j) Toxic or flammable gases that may be generated by the cargo, if applicable;

(k) Flammability, toxicity, corrosiveness, and propensity to oxygen depletion of the cargo, if applicable;

(l) Self-heating properties of the cargo, if applicable;

(m) Properties on emission of flammable gases in contact with water, if applicable;

(n) Radioactive properties, if applicable;

(o) The name and address of the U.S. shipper (consignor) or, if the shipment originates in a foreign country, the U.S. consignee.

(p) A certification, signed by the shipper, that bears the following statement: “This is to certify that the above named material is properly named, prepared, and otherwise in proper condition for bulk shipment by vessel in accordance with the applicable regulations of the U.S. Coast Guard.”

(a) The shipping paper and emergency response information required by §§ 148.60 and 148.61 of this part must be kept on board the vessel along with the dangerous cargo manifest required by § 148.70 of this part. When the shipment is by unmanned barge the shipping papers and emergency response information must be kept on the tug or towing vessel. When an unmanned barge is moored, the shipping paper and emergency response information must be on board the barge in a readily retrievable location.

(b) Any written certification or statement from the shipper to the master of a vessel or to the person in charge of a barge must be on, or attached to, the shipping paper. See Subparts E and F of this part for required certifications.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section and in § 148.72 of this part, each vessel transporting materials listed in Table 148.10 of this part must have a dangerous cargo manifest on board.

(b) This document must be kept in a designated holder on or near the vessel's bridge. When required for an unmanned barge, the document must be on board the tug or towing vessel.

(a) The name and official number of the vessel. If the vessel has no official number, the international radio call sign must be substituted;

(b) The nationality of the vessel;

(c) The name of the material as listed in Table 148.10 of this part;

(d) The hold or cargo compartment in which the material is being transported;

(e) The quantity of material loaded in each hold or cargo compartment; and

(f) The signature of the master acknowledging that the manifest is correct, and the date of the signature.

(a) No dangerous cargo manifest is required for—

(b) When a dangerous cargo manifest is required for an unmanned barge on an international voyage, § 148.71(d) of this part does not apply, unless the barge has more than one cargo compartment.

(a) Equipment capable of measuring atmospheric oxygen. At least two members of the crew must be knowledgeable in the use of the equipment, which must be maintained in a condition ready for use and calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions.

(b) At least two self-contained, pressure-demand-type, air breathing apparatus approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), each having at least a 30-minute air supply. Each foreign flag vessel must have on board at least two such apparatus that are approved by the flag state administration. The master must ensure that the breathing apparatus is used only by persons trained in its use.

(a) Except in an emergency, no person may enter a confined space unless that space has been tested to ensure there is sufficient oxygen to support life. If the oxygen content is below 19.5 percent, the space must be ventilated and retested before entry.

(b) In an emergency, a confined space may be entered by a trained person wearing self-contained breathing apparatus, suitable protective clothing as necessary, and a wire rope safety line tended by a trained person outside the hold or in an adjacent space. Emergency entry into a confined space must be supervised by a responsible person as defined in § 148.3 of this part.

(a) If a hold previously has contained any material required under Subpart D of this part to be segregated from the material to be loaded, the hold must be thoroughly cleaned of all residue of the previous cargoes.

(b) If the material to be loaded is Class 4.1, 4.2, or 5.1, then all combustible materials must be removed from the hold. Examples of some combustible materials are residue of previous cargoes, loose debris, and dunnage. Permanent wooden battens or sheathing may remain in the hold unless forbidden by Subpart E of this part.

(c) If the material to be loaded is classified as Class 4.3, or is subject to liquefaction, the hold and associated bilge must be as dry as practicable.

(a) After a material covered by this part has been unloaded from a vessel, each hold or cargo compartment must be thoroughly cleaned of all residue of such material unless the hold is to be reloaded with that same cargo.

(b) When on U.S. territorial seas or inland waters, cargo associated wastes, cargo residue, and deck sweepings must be retained on the vessel and disposed of in accordance with 33 CFR parts 151.51 through 151.77.

(a) When a fire or other hazardous condition occurs on a vessel transporting a material covered by this part, the master must notify the nearest Captain of the Port as soon as possible and comply with any instructions given.

(b) Any incident or casualty occurring while transporting a material covered by this part must also be reported as required under 49 CFR 171.15, if applicable. A copy of the written report required under 49 CFR 171.16 must also be sent to the Commandant (CG-ENG-5), Attn: Hazardous Materials Division, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7509, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20593-7509, at the earliest practicable moment.

(c) Any release to the environment of a hazardous substance in a quantity equal to or in excess of its reportable quantity (RQ) must be reported immediately to the National Response Center at 800-424-8802 (toll free) or 202-267-2675; or online at www.nrc.uscg.mil..

(a) Each material listed in Table 148.10 of this part must be segregated from incompatible materials in accordance with—

(b) Materials that are required to be separated during stowage must not be handled at the same time. Any residue from a material must be removed before a material required to be separated from it is loaded.

(c) Definitions and application of segregation terms:

(a) Class 4.1 materials listed in Table 148.10 of this part must—

(b) Bulkheads between a hold containing a Class 4.1 material and incompatible materials must have cable and conduit penetrations sealed against the passage of gas and vapor.

(a) Class 4.2 materials listed in Table 148.10 of this part must—

(b) The bulkhead between a hold containing a Class 4.2 material and a hold containing a material not permitted to mix with Class 4.2 materials must have cable and conduit penetrations sealed against the passage of gas and vapor.

(a) Class 4.3 materials listed in Table 148.10 of this part which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases, must—

(b) The bulkhead between a hold containing a Class 4.3 material and incompatible materials must have cable and conduit penetrations sealed against the passage of gas and vapor.

(a) Class 5.1 materials listed in Table 148.10 of this part must—

(b) Special care must be taken to ensure that holds containing Class 5.1 materials are clean and, whenever practical, only noncombustible securing and protecting materials are used.

(c) Class 5.1 materials must be prevented from entering bilges or other cargo holds.

(a) Class 7 material listed in Table 148.10 of this part must be stowed—

(b) [Reserved]

(a) A bulk solid cargo of Class 9 material (miscellaneous hazardous material) listed in Table 148.10 of this part must be stowed and segregated as required by this section.

(b) Ammonium nitrate fertilizer of Class 9 must be segregated as required for Class 5.1 materials in §§ 148.120 and 148.140 of this part and must be stowed—

(c) Castor beans must be stowed separate from foodstuffs and Class 5.1 materials.

(d) Fish meal must be stowed and segregated as required for Class 4.2 materials in §§ 148.120 and 148.130 of this part. In addition, its temperature at loading must not exceed 35 °C (95 °F), or 5 °C (9 °F) above ambient temperature, whichever is higher.

(e) Sulfur must be stowed and segregated as required under §§ 148.120 and 148.125 of this part for a material of Class 4.1.

(a) A PDM must be stowed and segregated according to the requirements of this section and Table 148.155 of this section.

(b) When transporting coal—

(c) When transporting direct reduced iron (DRI)—

(d) Petroleum coke, calcined or uncalcined, must be—

(a) This section applies to the stowage and transportation in bulk of ammonium nitrate and the following fertilizers composed of uniform, non-segregating mixtures containing ammonium nitrate:

(b) No material covered by this section may be transported in bulk unless it demonstrates resistance to detonation when tested by one of the following methods:

(c) Before loading a material covered by this section—

(d) Bunkering or transferring of fuel to or from the vessel may not be performed during cargo loading and unloading operations involving a material covered by this section.

(e) When a material covered by this section is transported on a cargo vessel—

(a) This section applies to the stowage and transportation of uniform, nonsegregating mixtures of nitrogen/phosphate or nitrogen/potash type fertilizers, or complete fertilizers of nitrogen/phosphate/potash type containing a maximum of 70 percent of ammonium nitrate and containing a maximum of 0.4 percent total added combustible material or containing a maximum of 45 percent ammonium nitrate with unrestricted combustible material.

(b) A fertilizer mixture described in paragraph (a) of this section is exempt if—

(c) No fertilizer covered by this section may be transported in bulk if, when tested in accordance with the trough test prescribed in Appendix 2, Section 4, of the IMSBC Code or in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, Subsection 38.2 (incorporated by reference, see § 148.8), it has a self-sustaining decomposition rate that is greater than 0.25 meters per hour, or is liable to self-heat sufficient to initiate decomposition.

(d) Fertilizers covered by this section must be stowed away from all sources of heat, and out of direct contact with a metal engine compartment boundary.

(e) Bunkering or transferring of fuel may not be performed during loading and unloading of fertilizer covered by this section.

(f) Fertilizer covered by this section must be segregated as prescribed in §§ 148.140 and 148.220(d) of this part.

(a) This part does not apply to the shipment of calcined pyrites that are the residual ash of oil or coal fired power stations.

(b) This section applies to the stowage and transportation of calcined pyrites that are the residual product of sulfuric acid production or elemental metal recovery operations.

(c) Before loading calcined pyrites covered by this section—

(d) After calcined pyrites covered by this section have been unloaded from a cargo space, the cargo space must be thoroughly cleaned. Cargo residues and sweepings must be disposed of as prescribed in 33 CFR parts 151.55 through 151.77.

(a) When transported by barge, unslaked lime (calcium oxide) must be carried in an unmanned, all steel, double-hulled barge equipped with weathertight hatches or covers. The barge must not carry any other cargo while unslaked lime is on board.

(b) The shipping paper requirements in § 148.60 of this part and the dangerous cargo manifest requirements in § 148.70 of this part do not apply to the transportation of unslaked lime under paragraph (a) of this section.

(a) This part applies only to the stowage and transportation of whole castor beans. Castor meal, castor pomace, and castor flakes may not be shipped in bulk.

(b) Persons handling castor beans must wear dust masks and goggles.

(c) Care must be taken to prevent castor bean dust from entering accommodation, control, or service spaces during cargo transfer operations.

(a) The electrical equipment in cargo holds carrying coal must meet the requirements of Subpart 111.105 of this chapter or an equivalent standard approved by the administration of the vessel's flag state.

(b) Before coal is loaded in a cargo hold, the bilges must be as clean and dry as practical. The hold must also be free of any readily combustible material, including the residue of previous cargoes if other than coal.

(c) The master of each vessel carrying coal must ensure that—

(d) A cargo hold containing coal must not be ventilated unless the conditions of paragraph (f) of this section are met, or unless methane is detected under paragraph (h) of this section.

(e) If coal waiting to be loaded has shown a tendency to self-heat, has been handled so that it may likely self-heat, or has been observed to be heating, the master is responsible for monitoring the temperature of the coal at several intervals during these times:

(f) If coal waiting to be loaded has a potential to emit dangerous amounts of methane, for example it is freshly mined, or has a history of emitting dangerous amounts of methane, then:

(g) Electrical equipment and cables in a hold containing a coal described in paragraph (f) of this section must be either suitable for use in an explosive gas atmosphere or de-energized at a point outside the hold. Electrical equipment and cables necessary for continuous safe operations, such as lighting fixtures, must be suitable for use in an explosive gas atmosphere. The master of the vessel must ensure that the affected equipment and cables remain de-energized as long as this coal remains in the hold.

(h) For all coal loaded on a vessel, other than an unmanned barge, the atmosphere above the coal must be routinely tested for the presence of methane, carbon monoxide, and oxygen, following the procedures in the Appendices to the schedules for Coal and Brown Coal Briquettes as contained in the IMSBC Code (incorporated by reference, see § 148.8). This testing must be performed in such a way that the cargo hatches are not opened and entry into the hold is not necessary.

(i) When carrying a coal described in paragraph (e) of this section, the atmosphere above the coal must be monitored for the presence of carbon monoxide as prescribed in paragraph (h) of this section. The results of this monitoring must be recorded at least twice in every 24-hour period, unless the conditions of paragraph (m) of this section are met. If the level of carbon monoxide is increasing rapidly or reaches 20 percent of the lower flammability limit (LFL), the frequency of monitoring must be increased.

(j) When a cargo of coal has a potential to self-heat or has been observed to be heating, the hatches should be closed and sealed and all surface ventilation halted except as necessary to remove any methane that may have accumulated.

(k) If the level of carbon monoxide monitored under paragraph (i) of this section continues to increase rapidly or the temperature of coal carried on board a vessel exceeds 55 °C (131 °F) and is increasing rapidly, the master must notify the nearest Coast Guard Captain of the Port of—

(l) If the level of methane as monitored under paragraph (h) of this section reaches 20 percent of the LFL or is increasing rapidly, ventilation of the cargo hold, under paragraph (f) of this section, must be initiated. If this ventilation is provided by opening the cargo hatches, care must be taken to avoid generating sparks.

(m) The frequency of monitoring required by paragraph (f) of this section may be reduced at the discretion of the master provided that—

(a) Before loading DRI lumps, pellets, or cold-molded briquettes—

(b) Each boundary of a hold where DRI lumps, pellets, or cold-molded briquettes are to be carried must be resistant to fire and passage of water.

(c) DRI lumps, pellets, or cold-molded briquettes that are wet, or that are known to have been wetted, may not be accepted for transport. The moisture content of the DRI must not exceed 0.3 percent prior to loading.

(d) DRI lumps, pellets and cold-molded briquettes must be protected at all times from contact with water, and must not be loaded or transferred from one vessel to another during periods of rain or snow.

(e) DRI lumps, pellets, or cold-molded briquettes may not be loaded if their temperature is greater than 65 °C (150 °F).

(f) The shipper of DRI lumps, pellets, or cold-molded briquettes in bulk must ensure that an inert atmosphere of less than 5 percent oxygen and 1 percent hydrogen, by volume, is maintained throughout the voyage in any hold containing these materials.

(g) When DRI lumps, pellets, or cold-molded briquettes are loaded, precautions must be taken to avoid the concentration of fines (pieces less than 6.35mm in size) in any one location in the cargo hold.

(h) Radar and RDF scanners must be protected against the dust generated during cargo transfer operations of DRI lumps, pellets, or cold-molded briquettes.

(a) Before loading DRI hot-molded briquettes—

(b) All boundaries of a hold must be resistant to fire and passage of water to carry DRI hot-molded briquettes.

(c) DRI hot-molded briquettes must be protected at all times from contact with water. They must not be loaded or transferred from one vessel to another during periods of rain or snow.

(d) DRI hot-molded briquettes may not be loaded if their temperature is greater than 65 °C (150 °F).

(e) When loading DRI hot-molded briquettes, precautions must be taken to avoid the concentration of fines (pieces less than 6.35mm in size) in any one location in the cargo hold.

(f) Adequate surface ventilation must be provided when carrying or loading DRI hot-molded briquettes.

(g) When DRI hot-molded briquettes are carried by unmanned barge—

(h) Radar and RDF scanners must be adequately protected against dust generated during cargo transfer operations of DRI hot-molded briquettes.

(i) During final discharge only, a fine spray of water may be used to control dust from DRI hot-molded briquettes.

(a) This section applies to the stowage and transportation of ferrosilicon, aluminum ferrosilicon, and aluminum silicon containing more than 30 percent but less than 90 percent silicon.

(b) The shipper of material described in paragraph (a) of this section must give the master a written certification stating that after manufacture the material was stored under cover, but exposed to the weather, in the particle size in which it is to be shipped, for at least three days before shipment.

(c) Material described in paragraph (a) of this section must be protected at all times from contact with water, and must not be loaded or unloaded during periods of rain or snow.

(d) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, each hold containing material described in paragraph (a) of this section must be mechanically ventilated by at least two separate fans. The total ventilation must be at least five air changes per hour, based on the empty hold. Ventilation must not allow escaping gas to reach accommodation or work spaces, on or under deck.

(e) An unmanned barge which is provided with natural ventilation need not comply with paragraph (d) of this section.

(f) Each space adjacent to a hold containing material described in paragraph (a) of this section must be well ventilated with mechanical fans. No person may enter that space unless it has been tested to ensure that it is free from phosphine and arsine gases.

(g) Scuttles and windows in accommodation and work spaces adjacent to holds containing material described in paragraph (a) of this section must be kept closed while this material is being loaded and unloaded.

(h) Any bulkhead between a hold containing material described in paragraph (a) of this section and an accommodation or work space must be gas tight and adequately protected against damage from any unloading equipment.

(i) When a hold containing material described in paragraph (a) of this section is equipped with atmosphere sampling type smoke detectors with lines that terminate in accommodation or work spaces, those lines must be blanked off gas-tight.

(j) If a hold containing material described in paragraph (a) of this section must be entered at any time, the hatches must be open for two hours before entry to dissipate any accumulated gases. The atmosphere in the hold must be tested to ensure that there is no phosphine or arsine gas present.

(k) After unloading material described in paragraph (a) of this section, each cargo hold must be thoroughly cleaned and tested to ensure that no phosphine or arsine gas remains.

(a) This part does not apply to the stowage and transportation in bulk of stainless steel borings, shavings, turnings, or cuttings; nor does this part apply to an unmanned barge on a voyage entirely on the navigable waters of United States.

(b) Ferrous metal may not be stowed or transported in bulk unless the following conditions are met:

(c) The master of a vessel that is loading or transporting a ferrous metal must ensure that the temperature of the ferrous metal is taken—

(d) During loading, if the temperature of the ferrous metal in a hold is 93 °C (200 °F) or higher, the master must notify the Coast Guard Captain of the Port and suspend loading until the Captain of the Port is satisfied that the temperature of the ferrous metal is 88 °C (190 °F) or less.

(e) After loading ferrous metal—

(f) Except for shipments of ferrous metal in bulk which leave the port of loading under the conditions specified in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, if after the vessel leaves the port, the temperature of the ferrous metal in the hold rises above 65 °C (150 °F), the master must notify the nearest Coast Guard Captain of the Port as soon as possible of—

(a) This part does not apply to fish meal or fish scrap that contains less than 5 percent moisture by weight.

(b) Fish meal or fish scrap may contain a maximum of 12 percent moisture by weight and a maximum of 15 percent fat by weight.

(c) At the time of production, fish meal or fish scrap must be treated with an effective antioxidant (at least 400 mg/kg (ppm) ethoxyquin, at least 1000 mg/kg (ppm) butylated hydroxytoluene, or at least 1000 mg/kg (ppm) of tocopherol-based liquid antioxidant).

(d) Shipment of the fish meal or fish scrap must take place a maximum of 12 months after the treatment prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section.

(e) Fish meal or fish scrap must contain at least 100 mg/kg (ppm) of ethoxyquin or butylated hydroxytoluene or at least 250 mg/kg (ppm) of tocopherol-based antioxidant at the time of shipment.

(f) At the time of loading, the temperature of the fish meal or fish scrap to be loaded may not exceed 35 °C (95 °F), or 5 °C (9 °F) above the ambient temperature, whichever is higher.

(g) For each shipment of fish meal or fish scrap, the shipper must give the master a written certification stating—

(h) During a voyage, temperature readings must be taken of fish meal or fish scrap three times a day and recorded. If the temperature of the material exceeds 55 °C (131 °F) and continues to increase, ventilation to the hold must be restricted. This paragraph does not apply to shipments by unmanned barge.

(a) Each bulk shipment of a hazardous substance must—

(b) Each release of a quantity of a designated substance equal to or greater than the reportable quantity, as set out in Table 1 to Appendix A of 49 CFR 171.101, when discharged into or upon the navigable waters of the United States, adjoining shorelines, into or upon the contiguous zone, or beyond the contiguous zone, must be reported as required in subpart B of 33 CFR part 153.

(c) A hazardous substance must be stowed in a hold or barge that is closed or covered and prevents dispersal of the material during transportation.

(d) During cargo transfer operations, a spill or release of a hazardous substance must be minimized to the greatest extent possible. Each release must be reported as required in paragraph (b) of this section.

(e) After a hazardous substance is unloaded, the hold in which it was carried must be cleaned thoroughly. The residue of the substance must be disposed of pursuant to 33 CFR 151.55 through 151.77 and the applicable regulations of 40 CFR subchapter I.

(a) Before spent iron oxide or spent iron sponge is loaded in a closed hold, the shipper must give the master a written certification that the material has been cooled and weathered for at least eight weeks.

(b) Both spent iron oxide and spent iron sponge may be transported on open hold all-steel barges after exposure to air for a period of at least ten days.

(a) This part does not apply to the transport of natural magnesite, magnesium carbonate, or magnesia clinkers.

(b) When transported by barge, unslaked magnesia must be carried in an unmanned, all-steel, double-hulled barge equipped with weathertight hatches or covers. The barge may not carry any other cargo while unslaked magnesia is on board.

(c) The shipping paper requirements in § 148.60 of this part and the dangerous cargo manifest requirements in § 148.70 of this part do not apply to unslaked magnesia transported under the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section.

(a) When information given by the shipper under § 148.60 of this part indicates that the metal sulfide concentrate may generate toxic or flammable gases, the appropriate gas detection equipment from §§ 148.415 and 148.420 of this part must be on board the vessel.

(b) No cargo hold containing a metal sulfide concentrate may be ventilated.

(c) No person may enter a hold containing a metal sulfide concentrate unless—

(a) Before shipment, peat moss must be stockpiled under cover to allow drainage and reduce its moisture content.

(b) The cargo must be ventilated so that escaping gases cannot reach living quarters on or above deck.

(c) Persons handling or coming into contact with peat moss must wear gloves, a dust mask, and goggles.

(a) This part does not apply to shipments of petroleum coke, calcined or uncalcined, on any vessel when the temperature of the material is less than 55 °C (131 °F).

(b) Petroleum coke, calcined or uncalcined, or a mixture of calcined and uncalcined petroleum coke may not be loaded when its temperature exceeds 107 °C (225 °F).

(c) No other hazardous materials may be stowed in any hold adjacent to a hold containing petroleum coke except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section.

(d) Before petroleum coke at 55 °C (131 °F) or above may be loaded into a hold over a tank containing fuel or material having a flashpoint of less than 93 °C (200 °F), a 0.6 to 1.0 meter (2 to 3 foot) layer of the petroleum coke at a temperature not greater than 43 °C (110 °F) must first be loaded.

(e) Petroleum coke must be loaded as follows:

(f) The master of the vessel must warn members of a crew that petroleum coke is hot, and that injury due to burns is possible.

(g) During the voyage, the temperature of the petroleum coke must be monitored often enough to detect spontaneous heating.

(a) Radioactive materials that may be stowed or transported in bulk are limited to those radioactive materials defined in 49 CFR 173.403 as Low Specific Activity Material, LSA-1, or Surface Contaminated Object, SCO-1.

(b) Skin contact, inhalation or ingestion of dusts generated by Class 7 material listed in Table 148.10 of this part must be minimized.

(c) Each hold used for the transportation of Class 7 material (radioactive) listed in Table 148.10 of this part must be surveyed after the completion of off-loading by a qualified person using appropriate radiation detection instruments. Such holds must not be used for the transportation of any other material until the non-fixed contamination on any surface, when averaged over an area of 300 cm², does not exceed the following levels:

(a) This part does not apply to solvent-extracted rape seed meal, pellets, soya bean meal, cotton seed meal, or sunflower seed meal that—

(b) This part does not apply to mechanically expelled citrus pulp pellets containing not more than 2.5 percent oil and a maximum of 14 percent oil and moisture combined.

(c) Before loading, the seed cake must be aged per the instructions of the shipper.

(d) Before loading, the shipper must give the master or person in charge of a barge a certificate from a competent testing laboratory stating the oil and moisture content of the seed cake.

(e) The seed cake must be kept as dry as practical at all times.

(f) If the seed cake is solvent-extracted, it must be—

(g) For a voyage with a planned duration greater than 5 days, the vessel must be equipped with facilities for introducing carbon dioxide or another inert gas into the hold.

(h) Temperature readings of the seed cake must be taken at least once in every 24-hour period. If the temperature exceeds 55 °C (131 °F) and continues to increase, ventilation to the cargo hold must be discontinued. If heating continues after ventilation has been discontinued, carbon dioxide or the inert gas required under paragraph (g) of this section must be introduced into the hold. If the seed cake is solvent-extracted, the use of inert gas must not be introduced until fire is apparent, to avoid the possibility of igniting the solvent vapors by the generation of static electricity.

(i) Seed cake must be carried under the terms of a Special Permit issued by the Commandant (CG-ENG-5) per subpart B of this part if—

(a) This part applies to lump or coarse grain powder sulfur only. Fine-grained powder (“flowers of sulfur”) may not be transported in bulk.

(b) After the loading or unloading of lump or coarse grain powder sulfur has been completed, sulfur dust must be removed from the vessel's decks, bulkheads, and overheads. Cargo residues and deck sweepings must be disposed of pursuant to 33 CFR 151.55 through 151.77.

(c) A cargo space that contains sulfur or the residue of a sulfur cargo must be adequately ventilated, preferably by mechanical means. Each ventilator intake must be fitted with a spark-arresting screen.

(a) This part applies to rough ammonia tankage in bulk that contains 7 percent or more moisture by weight, and garbage tankage and tankage fertilizer that contains 8 percent or more moisture by weight.

(b) Tankage to which this part applies may not be loaded in bulk if its temperature exceeds 38 °C (100 °F).

(c) During the voyage, the temperature of the tankage must be monitored often enough to detect spontaneous heating.

(a) This part applies to wood chips and wood pulp pellets in bulk that may oxidize, leading to depletion of oxygen and an increase in carbon dioxide in the cargo hold.

(b) No person may enter a cargo hold containing wood chips, wood pellets, or wood pulp pellets, unless—

(a) The shipper must inform the cognizant Coast Guard Captain of the Port in advance of any cargo transfer operations involving zinc ashes, zinc dross, zinc residues, or zinc skimmings (collectively, “zinc material”) in bulk.

(b) Zinc material must be aged by exposure to the elements for at least one year before shipment in bulk.

(c) Before loading in bulk, zinc material must be stored under cover for a period of time to ensure that it is as dry as practical. No zinc material that is wet may be accepted for shipment.

(d) Zinc material may not be loaded in bulk if its temperature is greater than 11.1 °C (52 °F) in excess of the ambient temperature.

(e) Paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(5) of this section apply only when zinc materials are carried by a cargo vessel:

(a) Except in an emergency, no welding, burning, cutting, chipping, or other operations involving the use of fire, open flame, sparks, or arc-producing equipment, may be performed in a cargo hold containing a Table 148.10 material or in an adjacent space.

(b) A cargo hold or adjacent space must not have any flammable gas concentrations over 10 percent of the LFL before the master may approve operations involving the use of fire, open flame, or spark- or arc-producing equipment in that hold or adjacent space.

(a) Arsine;

(b) Carbon monoxide;

(c) Hydrogen cyanide;

(d) Hydrogen sulfide;

(e) Phosphine; and

(f) Sulfur dioxide.

(a) Carbon monoxide;

(b) Hydrogen; and

(c) Methane.

(a) Each space adjacent to a cargo hold must be ventilated by natural ventilation or by ventilation equipment safe for use in an explosive gas atmosphere.

(b) Each space adjacent to a cargo hold containing the material must be regularly monitored for the presence of the flammable gas indicated by reference to § 148.420 of this part. If the level of flammable gas in any space reaches 30 percent of the LFL, all electrical equipment that is not certified safe for use in an explosive gas atmosphere must be de-energized at a location outside of that space. This location must be labeled to prohibit reenergizing until the atmosphere in the space is tested and found to be less than 30 percent of the LFL.

(c) Each person who enters any space adjacent to a cargo hold or compartment containing the material must wear a self-contained breathing apparatus unless—

(d) No person may enter an adjacent space if the level of flammable gas is greater than 30 percent of the LFL. If emergency entry is necessary, each person who enters the space must wear a self-contained breathing apparatus and caution must be exercised to ensure that no sparks are produced.

(a) This section applies only to cargoes identified in Table 148.10 of this part with a reference to this section and cargoes identified in the IMSBC Code (incorporated by reference, see § 148.8) as cargoes that may liquefy.

(b) This section does not apply to—

(c) Definitions as used in this section—

(d) Except on a vessel that is specially constructed or specially fitted for the purpose of carrying such cargoes (see also section 7 of the IMSBC Code, incorporated by reference, see § 148.8), a cargo subject to liquefaction may not be transported by vessel if its moisture content exceeds its TML.

(e) The shipper of a cargo subject to liquefaction must give the master the material's moisture content and TML.

(f) The master of a vessel shipping a cargo subject to liquefaction must ensure that—

(g) The moisture content and TML of a material may be determined by the tests described in Appendix 2, Section 1, of the IMSBC Code (incorporated by reference, see § 148.8).